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兵工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 240380-.doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2024.0380

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基于坐标注意力机制的轻量化跨介质高速小目标检测方法

董毅1, 孔筱芳1,*(), 罗红娥1,**(), 弯港1, 夏言1, 万敏杰2,3   

  1. 1 南京理工大学 瞬态物理全国重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210094
    2 南京理工大学 电子工程与光电技术学院, 江苏 南京 210094
    3 南京理工大学 江苏省光谱成像与智能感知重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210094
  • 上线日期:2025-06-28
  • 通讯作者:
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(62201260); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(30924010941); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(30923011015); 瞬态物理全国重点实验室基金项目(6142604230301); 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX24_0719)

Lightweight Transmedia High-speed Small Target Detection Method Based on Coordinate Attention Mechanism

DONG Yi1, KONG Xiaofang1,*(), LUO Hong’e1,**(), WAN Gang1, XIA Yan1, WAN Minjie2,3   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
    2 School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
    3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
  • Online:2025-06-28

摘要:

在高速射弹测试领域,射弹的极高速度使探测技术面临显著挑战,实时检测与定位射弹的能力受限。由于射弹实验布设复杂、成本高昂,引起射弹检测可用数据集的稀缺。针对上述问题,搭建跨介质射弹入水测试系统,使用高速相机捕捉射弹,制作跨介质射弹数据集并采用数据增强的方法扩充现有数据集。针对射弹入水瞬间检测精度相较于射弹在空气和水中检测精度明显降低的问题,提出一种基于坐标注意力机制的跨介质小目标检测方法。该方法在高精度识别射弹小目标的基础上,替换传统的卷积为深度可分离卷积,在检测精度、速度和模型复杂度之间实现了良好的平衡。实验结果表明,新方法在射弹入水瞬间的检测精度提升了2.68%,召回率提升了7.31%,为跨介质高速小目标检测提供了解决方法。

关键词: 跨介质高速小目标, 目标检测, 注意力机制, 深度可分离卷积

Abstract:

In the field of high-speed projectile testing,the very high speed of projectiles poses a significant challenge to detection techniques,which in turn limits the ability to detect and localize projectiles in real time.Moreover,the available datasets for projectile detection are scarce due to the high cost and the complexity of projectile experimental setup.To address the above problems,a transmedia projectile water-entry test system is constructed.A transmedia projectile dataset is created from the projectile images captured by a high-speed camera, and expanded with data enhancement method.Aiming at the problem that the detection accuracy of projectile water-entry is significantly lower than that of projectile in air and water,a transmedia small target detection method based on a coordinate attention (CA) mechanism is proposed.The proposed method replaces the traditional convolution with depth-separable convolution on the basis of recognizing the projectile small targets with high accuracy,which achieves a good balance among detection accuracy,speed and model complexity.The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the detection accuracy by 2.68% and the recall ratio by 7.31% at the instant of projectile water-entry,which provides a solution for transmedia high-speed small target detection.

Key words: transmedia high-speed small target, target detection, attention mechanism, depth-separable convolution

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