钨球对碳纤维增强复合材料包覆碳化硼陶瓷侵彻效应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite, CFRP)包覆碳化硼(B₄C)陶瓷在钨球侵彻下的破坏机制与防护性能,开展不同弹靶径厚比D/T(D为钨球直径,T为陶瓷厚度)下钨球对CFRP包覆B₄C陶瓷板(下文简称靶板)的侵彻试验和数值仿真研究。通过弹道冲击试验,掌握钨球穿靶后的剩余速度以及靶板破坏形貌,分析钨球以不同速度侵彻靶板后B₄C陶瓷和CFRP的破坏特征;构建钨球侵彻靶板的数值仿真模型,通过再现试验结果验证模型准确性,对比分析CFRP对钨球侵彻效果的影响;基于仿真模型计算得到的数值仿真数据建立钨球垂直侵彻靶板的剩余速度计算模型,并通过试验数据验证计算模型的精度。研究结果表明:钨球垂直侵彻下,CFRP迎弹面呈圆形破口,背弹面呈十字形破口,背弹面破坏面积大于迎弹面,且随撞击速度和靶板厚度的增加,背弹面破坏面积的变化幅度大于迎弹面;与单一B₄C陶瓷板相比,CFRP包覆B₄C陶瓷板的抗侵彻性能提高4.8%;所建立的钨球垂直侵彻靶板的剩余速度计算模型计算结果的相对误差绝对值不大于15%。

关键词: 钨球, B₄C陶瓷, 碳纤维增强复合材料, 侵彻

Abstract:

The failure mechanism and protective properties of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP)-coated boron carbide (B₄C) ceramic target plates under the penetration of tungsten alloy spherical projectile are investigated, the protective properties of the composite structure under different D/T, where D represents the projectile diameter, and T represents the ceramic thickness, are experimentally studied and numerically simulated. The residual velocity of projectile after penetrating the target and the damage morphology of target plate are obtained through ballistic impact tests, and the failure characteristics of B₄C ceramics and CFRP at different penetration speeds are analyzed. The numerical simulation model of tungsten alloy spherical projectile penetrating the target plate is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by reproducing the experiment results. The influence of CFRP on the penetrating effect of tungsten projectile is compared and analyzed. Based on the numerically simulated results, a residual velocity calculation model of tungsten projectile penetrating the target plate is established, and the accuracy of calculation model is verified by the experimental results. The findings indicate that, under the vertical penetration of projectile into the target plate, the CFRP exhibits a circular fracture on the impact surface and a cross-shaped fracture on the back surface. The damage area of CFRP on the back surface is larger than that on the impact surface.With the increases in penetration speed and target thickness, the change amplitude of the damage area of CFRP on the back surface is larger than that on the impact surface. It is found that the anti-penetration performance of CFRP-coated B₄C ceramic target plate is 4.8% higher than that of B₄C ceramic target plate. Compared with the experimental results, the absolute value of relative error computed by the proposed calculation model is less than 15%.

Key words: tungsten alloy projectile, B₄C ceramic, carbon fiber reinforced composite, penetration

中图分类号:

TJ04
TJ410

王逸凡, 李永鹏, 徐豫新, 刘铁磊, 焦晓龙, 王若素. 钨球对碳纤维增强复合材料包覆碳化硼陶瓷侵彻效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(8): 2487-2496.

WANG Yifan, LI Yongpeng, XU Yuxin, LIU Tielei, JIAO Xiaolong, WANG Ruosu. Penetration Effect of Tungsten Alloy Spherical Projectile on CFRP-coated B₄C Ceramics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2487-2496.

图/表 23

图1 CFRP包覆B4C陶瓷示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of CFRP-coated B4C ceramic

图2 弹道枪试验系统示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of ballistic gun test system

图3 试验用钨球和弹托

Fig.3 Tungsten alloy projectile and sabot

表1 弹道冲击试验结果

Table 1 Results of ballistic impact test

工况编号	破片直径 D/mm	陶瓷厚度 T/mm	弹靶径厚比 D/T	侵彻速度v₀/ (m·s^-1)	剩余速度v_r/ (m·s^-1)
1-1	7	8	0.875	771	396
1-2		12	0.583	831	228
1-3		6	1.833	528	457
1-4		6	1.833	1120	1006
1-5	11	8	1.375	661	519
1-6		10	1.100	664	440
1-7		12	0.917	658	373

图4 钨球对靶板的侵彻历程

Fig.4 Process of projectile penetrating a target

图5 试验后靶板破坏形貌

Fig.5 Failure morphology of target plate

表2 不同弹靶径厚比和撞击速度下CFRP的破坏形貌

Table 2 Failure morphology of CFRP at different D/T and impact velocity

图6 不同撞击速度和弹靶径厚比下CFRP迎弹面和背弹面破坏面积

Fig.6 Failure areas of CFRP on impact surface and back surface under the conditions of different impact velocities and D/T

图7 不同撞击速度和靶板厚度下B4C陶瓷的破坏形貌

Fig.7 Failure morphology of B4C ceramic at different impact velocities and target thickness

图8 不同撞击速度和靶板厚度下陶瓷破碎区域面积

Fig.8 Area of ceramic crushing zone at different impact velocities and target thickness

表3 93W的材料模型参数[20]

Table 3 Material model parameters of 93W[20]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	17.6	T_m/K	3695
G/GPa	160	T_r/K	300
a/MPa	1505.8	C_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	384
b/MPa	176.5	C_v /(m·s^-1)	4046
n	0.12	S₁	1.268
c	0.016	γ₀	1.58
m	1.0	α₀	0.46
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1×10^-6

表3 93W的材料模型参数[20]

Table 3 Material model parameters of 93W[20]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	17.6	T_m/K	3695
G/GPa	160	T_r/K	300
a/MPa	1505.8	C_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	384
b/MPa	176.5	C_v /(m·s^-1)	4046
n	0.12	S₁	1.268
c	0.016	γ₀	1.58
m	1.0	α₀	0.46
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1×10^-6

表4 B4C陶瓷的材料模型参数[22-23]

Table 4 Material model parameters of B4C ceramics[22-23]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	2.51	B	0.7311
K₁/GPa	233	M	0.85
K₂/GPa	-593	$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1.0
K₃/GPa	2800	T/GPa	0.26
β	1.0	S_FMAX	0.2
G/GPa	197	HEL/GPa	19.0
A	0.9637	P_HEL/GPa	8.71
N	0.67	D₁	0.001
c	0.005	D₂	0.50

表4 B4C陶瓷的材料模型参数[22-23]

Table 4 Material model parameters of B4C ceramics[22-23]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	2.51	B	0.7311
K₁/GPa	233	M	0.85
K₂/GPa	-593	$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1.0
K₃/GPa	2800	T/GPa	0.26
β	1.0	S_FMAX	0.2
G/GPa	197	HEL/GPa	19.0
A	0.9637	P_HEL/GPa	8.71
N	0.67	D₁	0.001
c	0.005	D₂	0.50

表5 CFRP的材料模型参数[25⇓-27]

Table 5 Material model parameters of CFRP[25⇓-27]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	1.81	G_bc/GPa	3.43
E_a/GPa	60	G_ca/GPa	3.43
E_b/GPa	60	X_C/MPa	2150
E_c/GPa	12.3	X_T/MPa	2150
υ_ba	0.051	Y_C/MPa	199.8
υ_ca	0.21	Y_T/MPa	62.3
υ_cb	0.21	S_c/MPa	81.5
G_ab/GPa	12

图9 CFRP包覆B4C陶瓷板有限元模型

Fig.9 Finite element model of CFRP-coated B4C ceramic

表6 数值仿真结果与试验结果对比

Table 6 Comparison between numerical simulated and test results

工况编号	试验结果		仿真结果		误差/ %
工况编号	侵彻结果	剩余速度v_r/ (m·s^-1)	侵彻结果	剩余速度v_r/ (m·s^-1)	误差/ %
1-1	击穿	396	击穿	469	18.43
1-2	击穿	228	击穿	210	-7.89
1-3	击穿	457	击穿	444	-2.84
1-4	击穿	1 006	击穿	990	-1.59

图10 侵彻过程钨球速度-时间变化

Fig.10 Projectile speed versus time

图11 侵彻过程钨球动能-时间变化

Fig.11 Kinetic energy of projectile versus time

图12 侵彻过程钨球加速度-时间变化

Fig.12 Projectile acceleration versus time

图13 钨球侵彻过程应力云图和损伤云图

Fig.13 Stress and damage nephogram of penetrating process

表7 剩余速度仿真结果

Table 7 Simulated results of residual velocitym/s

v₀/ (m·s^-1)	D/T
v₀/ (m·s^-1)	0.583	0.700	0.875	1.080	1.167	1.300	1.630	2.170
900	294	469	590	735	692	751	817	831
950	345	521	621	737	736	804	844	886
1000	400	557	654	780	773	854	890	924
1050	420	606	686	824	821	896	955	971
1100	427	639	731	874	866	928	995	1 020
1150	464	673	772	919	907	978	1030	1070
1200	547	696	829	961	947	1010	1070	1100

图14 不同D/T下钨球撞击速度和剩余速度关系

Fig.14 Relationship curves of impact velocity and residual velocity under different D/T conditions

图15 k和h与D/T关系

Fig.15 Relationship curves of k, h and D/T

表8 试验值与计算值对照

Table 8 Comparison of test and theoretical values

工况编号	D/T	v₀/ (m·s^-1)	v_r/(m·s^-1)		误差/ %
工况编号	D/T	v₀/ (m·s^-1)	试验值	计算值	误差/ %
1-1	0.875	771	396	455	14.78
1-2	0.583	831	228	220	-3.67
1-3	1.833	528	457	468	2.50
1-4	1.833	1120	1006	1001	-0.48
1-5	1.375	661	519	531	2.34
1-6	1.100	664	440	469	6.53
1-7	0.917	658	373	388	4.08

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