爆炸冲击波作用下聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构的动态响应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0645

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提高防爆装备的抗爆性能已经成为热门的研究课题,目前的防爆装备主要采用金属制成,一般重量大,采用点阵夹芯结构可以实现轻量化。点阵夹芯结构具有良好的能量吸收效率和在高应变率下的优异力学性能,但以往的防爆研究未考虑过不易变形的半球型点阵,复合了聚氨酯泡沫的抗爆夹芯结构研究更为少见。鉴于此,结合聚氨酯泡沫缓冲吸能以及半球结构的拱形抗变形能力提出一种新型的聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构,并且采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构在爆炸冲击波载荷下的动态响应进行研究。研究结果表明,在500g TNT当量0.65m爆炸冲击下,相近面密度的聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构中心点位移最小,相较于铝板和纯半球夹芯板分别减小了30%和35%,纯半球夹芯板虽然吸能最多但是变形最大,聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构和铝板的吸能分别为纯半球夹芯板的85%和63%,相较于铝板,聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构在保证能量吸收效率的同时能有效减少靶板速度和应力集中。

关键词: 聚氨酯, 夹芯结构, 爆炸冲击波, 半球结构, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Improvement of blast resistance of explosion-proof equipment has become a popular research topic. The current explosion-proof equipment is mainly made of metal, generally having considerable weight, the use of lattice sandwich structure can achieve lightweight. Lattice sandwich structure has good energy absorption efficiency and excellent mechanical properties at high strain rates, but the non-deformable hemispherical lattice has not been considered in the previous explosion protection research, and the research on composite polyurethane foam explosion-resistant sandwich structure is even more rare. In view of this, a new type of polyurethane-hemispherical sandwich structure is proposed in considering the energy absorption of polyurethane foam and the arch deformation resistance of hemispherical structure, and a combination of experiment and numerical simulation is used to study the dynamic response of polyurethane-hemispherical sandwich structure under the blast shockwave loading. The results show that the center point displacement of polyurethane-hemisphere sandwich structure with the approximate surface density is the smallest under 0.65m blast impact of 500g TNT, which is 30% and 35% smaller than that of aluminum plate and pure hemisphere sandwich plate, respectively. The pure hemisphere sandwich plate absorbs the most energy but has the largest deformation, and the energy absorption of polyurethane-hemisphere sandwich structure and aluminum plate is 85% and 63% of that of the pure hemisphere sandwich plate, respectively, which shows that the incorporation of polyurethane has a significant role in ensuring the energy absorption. It can be seen that, compared with the aluminum plate, the polyurethane-hemispheres sandwich structure can effectively reduce the speed and stress concentration of the target plate while ensuring the energy absorption efficiency.

Key words: polyurethane, sandwich structure, explosion shock wave, hemispheric structure, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

O383

潘腾, 卞晓兵, 袁名正, 王亮亮, 黄元, 黄广炎, 张宏. 爆炸冲击波作用下聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构的动态响应[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3580-3589.

PAN Teng, BIAN Xiaobing, YUAN Mingzheng, WANG Liangliang, HUANG Yuan, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Dynamic Response of Polyurethane-hemisphere Sandwich Structure under Action of Explosive Shock Wave[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3580-3589.

图/表 24

图1 防爆装备示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of explosion-proof equipment

图2 聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构

Fig.2 Polyurethane-hemispherical sandwich structure

图3 实验现场布置示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of experimental site layout

表1 靶板参数

Table 1 Target plate parameters

图4 靶板的3D模型

Fig.4 Three-dimensional model of target plate

表2 AL6061-T6的材料参数[19]

Table 2 Material parameters of AL6061-T6[19]

参数	数值	参数	数值
E/GPa	71	D₁	-0.77
G/GPa	26.69	D₂	1.45
v	0.33	D₃	-0.47
A/MPa	256	D₄	0
B/MPa	113.8	D₅	1.6
n	0.42	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	2703
C	0.002	C₁	5240
m	1.34	S₁	1.4
T_melt/K	877.6

图5 聚氨酯泡沫结构

Fig.5 Polyurethane foam structure

表3 硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of rigid polyurethane foam

参数	数值	参数	数值
E/kPa	3.38×10⁴	σ_m/Pa	5×10⁵
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	200	DAMP	0.1
v	0.13

图6 硬质聚氨酯泡沫应力-应变曲线

Fig.6 Stress-strain curve of rigid polyurethane foam

图7 靶板变形

Fig.7 Target plate deformation

表4 激光位移传感器观测到靶板中心点最终位移

Table 4 Final displacement of center point of target plate observed by laser displacement sensor

靶板类型	最终位移/mm
4.5mm厚铝板	17.4
纯半球夹芯板	19.0
聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构	12.2

图8 4.5mm厚铝板变形云图

Fig.8 Deformation nephogram of 4.5mm-thick aluminum plate

图9 纯半球夹芯板变形云图

Fig.9 Deformation nephogram of pure hemisphere sandwich panel

图10 聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构变形云图

Fig.10 Deformation nephogram of polyurethane-hemisphere sandwich structure

图11 4.5mm厚铝板位移时程曲线

Fig.11 Displacement-time curve of 4.5mm-thick aluminum plate

图12 纯半球夹芯板位移时程曲线

Fig.12 Displacement- time curve of pure hemisphere sandwich panel

图13 聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构位移时程曲线

Fig.13 Displacement-time curve of polyurethane-hemisphere sandwich structure

图14 3种靶板的中心点速度

Fig.14 Center point velocities of three kinds of target plates

图15 3种靶板在500g TNT爆炸冲击下的能量吸收曲线

Fig.15 Energy absorption curves of three types of target plates under 500g TNT explosion shock

图16 4.5mm厚铝板应力云图

Fig.16 Stress nephogram of 4.5mm-thick aluminum plate

图17 纯半球夹芯板应力云图

Fig.17 Stress nephogram of pure hemispherical sandwich panel

图18 聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构应力云图

Fig.18 Stress nephogram of polyurethane-hemispherical sandwich structure

表5 3种靶板的最大应力

Table 5 Maximum stress of three types of target plates

靶板名称	4.5mm厚铝板	纯半球夹芯板	聚氨酯-半球夹芯结构
最大应力/MPa	330	345	306

图19 3种靶板的能量吸收曲线

Fig.19 Energy absorption curves of three target plates

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