氧化锌改性芳纶织物的抗弹道冲击性能的数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1297

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芳纶织物由于其低密度、高模量、高强度特性被广泛应用于人体防弹领域,为提高芳纶织物的抗弹性能,通过纳米氧化锌颗粒种植生长对芳纶织物进行改性,开展电镜观察、准静态拉伸试验、纱线拉拔试验、弹道冲击试验和数值模拟工作,得到了氧化锌改性织物的力学性能和弹道性能。研究结果表明:氧化锌颗粒的种植增加了纤维之间的结构互锁与表面粗糙度,氧化锌改性织物的纱线间摩擦系数较纯织物提高了282%,弹道极限速度较纯织物提高了54.5%,且吸能与比吸能性能显著优于纯织物;通过细观纱线模型对织物的弹道冲击过程进行模拟,仿真结果与弹道试验结果具有良好的一致性,进一步说明了纱线间摩擦系数和拉伸强度的提升可以作为提高织物的抗弹道冲击性能的有效手段,为氧化锌改性织物在柔性防弹领域的应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 芳纶织物, 氧化锌改性, 弹道极限, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Aramid fabrics are widely used in the field of body armors due to their low density, high modulus and high strength. In order to improve the ballistic resistance of aramid fabrics, the aramid fabrics are modified by planting and growing the nano-ZnO particles. The electron microscope observation, quasi-static tensile test, yarn pull-out test, ballistic impact test and numerical simulation were made for ZnO-modified fabrics, and their mechanical and ballistic properties were studied. The results show that the planting of ZnO particles increases the structural interlock and surface roughness of yarns. Compared with the neat fabrics, the inter-yarn friction coefficient of ZnO-modified fabrics is increased by 282%, their ballistic limit velocity is increased by 54.5%, and their energy absorption and specific energy absorption performance are significantly better than those of neat fabrics. The ballistic impact process of the modified fabric is simulated by the meso-yarn model. The simulated results are in good agreement with the ballistic test results. This further explains that the improvement of inter-yarn friction coefficient and tensile strength is an effective means to enhance the ballistic impact resistance of fabrics, and provides a theoretical basis for the application of ZnO-modified fabrics in the field of flexible bulletproof.

Key words: aramid fabric, zinc oxide modification, ballistic limit, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TQ325.1

许尧杰, 刘瀚, 张宏, 黄广炎. 氧化锌改性芳纶织物的抗弹道冲击性能的数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(10): 2897-2905.

XU Yaojie, LIU Han, ZHANG Hong, HUANG Guangyan. Numerical Investigation of Anti-ballistic Property of ZnO-modified Aramid Fabrics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(10): 2897-2905.

图/表 18

表1 织物的参数特征

Table 1 Parametric characteristics of fabrics

织物	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	较纯织物面密度增加百分比/%
纯织物	240.00	0
氧化锌改性织物	247.44	3.1

图1 纯织物和氧化锌改性织物的SEM图像

Fig.1 SEM images of neat and ZnO-modified fabrics

图2 准静态拉伸试验布局

Fig.2 Layout of quasi-static tensile test

图3 纯织物和氧化锌改性织物准静态拉伸试验的结果

Fig.3 Quasi-static tensile results of neat and ZnO- modified fabrics

图4 纱线拉拔试验布局

Fig.4 Layout of yarn pull-out test

图5 纱线拉拔试验结果

Fig.5 Results of yarn pull-out test

图6 织物弹道性能测试系统

Fig.6 Fabric ballistic performance testing system

图7 弹道极限拟合曲线

Fig.7 Ballistic limit fit curves

图8 单层织物的SEA

Fig.8 SEA of single-layer fabrics

图9 织物的宏观失效特征

Fig.9 Macroscopic failure features of fabrics

图10 织物的微观失效特征

Fig.10 Microscopic failure features of fabrics

表2 弹丸力学性能参数[24]

Table 2 Mechanical property of projectile[24]

弹丸材料	密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	弹性模量E/GPa	泊松比ν
钢	7.85	210	0.3

表3 Twaron纱线力学性能参数

Table 3 Mechanical properties of Twaron yarn

参数	数值
密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	1.44
1方向拉伸强度σ₁/GPa	2.4
1方向弹性模量E₁/GPa	75
2方向弹性模量E₂/GPa	0.75
3方向弹性模量E₃/GPa	0.75
1-2方向泊松比ν₁₂	0.3
1-3方向泊松比ν₁₃	0.3
2-3方向泊松比ν₂₃	0.4
1-2方向剪切模量G₁₂/GPa	2.4
1-3方向剪切模量G₁₃/GPa	2.4
2-3方向剪切模量G₂₃/GPa	1.2

图11 纱线横截面形状

Fig.11 Cross-sectional shape of yarn

图12 数值模拟1/4模型

Fig.12 1/4 model of numerical simulation system

图13 仿真与弹道试验结果对比

Fig.13 Comparison of simulated and ballistic impact test results

图14 单层氧化锌改性织物在140m/s弹丸冲击下的失效过程

Fig.14 Failure process of single-layer ZnO-modified fabric under 140m/s ballistic impact

图15 氧化锌改性织物在140m/s弹丸冲击下仿真与试验的宏观结果对比

Fig.15 Comparison between simulated and test macro results of ZnO-modified fabric under 140m/s ballistic impact

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