弹道冲击下石墨烯和聚乙烯改性芳纶织物的钝伤防护性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0578

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芳纶凭借其轻质高强的特点广泛应用于防弹领域。为提高单层芳纶织物的抗钝伤能力,采用热塑性树脂聚乙烯(Polythene,PE)与石墨烯纳米粒子表面改性方法提升芳纶织物的抗钝伤性能。以背衬凹陷为标准,对不同质量配比改性芳纶织物的抗钝伤能力和能量吸收特性进行测试对比。对比结果表明:石墨烯和PE两种改性方法均可提升芳纶织物的抗钝伤能力,其中PE改性方法使得改性织物面密度增加较小但抗钝伤能力显著提升,10%PE的防弹能力和比吸能值较纯芳纶分别提升了18.0%和30.8%;石墨烯改性织物刚性的增加使其低速抗钝伤能力增强,但是过大的纱线间摩擦使其高速防护能力减弱,2%石墨烯粉体为石墨烯改性织物的最佳配比。此外,优化验证得到了2层10%PE和13层的6层正交超高分子量PE无纬布防弹衣组合设计。

关键词: 改性芳纶织物, 钝伤防护, 背衬凹陷, 防弹性能, 能量吸收

Abstract:

Aramid is widely used in the field of ballistic protection due to its light weight and high strength. In order to improve the trauma resistance of single-layer aramid fabrics, the surface modification methods of thermoplastic resin polyethylene (PE) and graphene nanoparticles (GR) are used innovatively to improve the ballistic performance of aramid fabrics. The trauma resistance and energy absorption of modified aramid fabrics with different mass ratios are studied based on the backface significance (BFS). The results show that both graphene and polyethylene modification methods can improve the blunt trauma resistance. The surface density of the modified fabric is increased slightly by polyethylene modification, but the resistance to blunt injury is significantly improved. Compared with pure aramid fabric, the bullet-proof ability and specific energy absorption value of 10% PE are increased by 18.0% and 30.8%, respectively. The increased rigidity of graphene-modified fabric increases its resistance to blunt injury at low speed, but the excessive inter-yarn friction weakens its resistance to blunt injury at high speed. 2% GR is the best ratio for graphene-modified fabric. In addition, the combined design of body armor with 2 layers of 10% PE and 13 layers of six layers of orthogonal UHMWPE unidrectional fabric is obtained through optimization and verification.

Key words: modified aramid fabric, blunt trauma resistance, backface signature, bulletproof performance, energy absorption

中图分类号:

王哲, 刘鹏, 陈婧, 黄广炎, 张宏. 弹道冲击下石墨烯和聚乙烯改性芳纶织物的钝伤防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 35-43.

WANG Zhe, LIU Peng, CHEN Jing, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Blunt Trauma Resistance of Graphene and Polyethylene-modified Aramid Fabrics under Ballistic Impact[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 35-43.

图/表 13

图1 织物制备过程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of fabric preparation process

表1 改性织物参数

Table 1 Parameters of the composite fabrics

织物类型	浸渍液质量分数/ wt.%			平均面密度ρ_S/ (×10^-3kg·m^-2)		增重/ %
织物类型	GR	PE	无水乙醇	前	后	增重/ %
Twaron	0	0	0	200	200	0
10%PE	0	10	90	200	213	6.5
20%PE	0	20	80	200	221	10.5
30%PE	0	30	70	200	231	15.5
20%PE+1%GR	1	20	79	200	224	12.0
20%PE+2%GR	2	20	78	200	231	15.5
20%PE+3%GR	3	20	77	200	239	19.5
10%PE+2%GR	2	10	88	200	217	8.5

图2 弹道实验原理图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of ballistic experiment

图3 子弹(右)和弹托(左)

Fig.3 Projectile (right) and sabots (left)

图4 单层织物靶板布置图

Fig.4 Layout of single-layer fabric target

图5 防弹衣试样

Fig.5 Body armor sample

图6 不同浓度PE改性织物实验数据与拟合曲线对比

Fig.6 Comparison of experimental data and fitting curves of polyethylene-modified fabrics with different concentrations

图7 不同浓度石墨烯改性织物实验数据与拟合曲线对比

Fig.7 Comparison of experimental data and fitting curves of graphene-modified fabrics with different concentrations

图8 不同种类织物的SEAH值对比

Fig.8 Comparison of SEAH values of different fabrics

表2 防弹衣实验结果

Table 2 Body armor experimental results

试样	靶板种类	面密度/ (kg·m^-2)	入射速度/ (m·s^-1)	凹陷/ mm	穿透/ 层
A	2×(10%PE+2%GR)+ 13×6UD	4.78	327	9.03	3
B	2×(10%PE)+13×6UD	4.81	471	9.03	5
C	2×(10%PE+2%GR)+ 22×4UD	4.96	353	9.62	7
D	2×(10%PE)+22×4UD	4.96	353	7.25	5

图9 不同防弹衣试样实验和拟合结果对比

Fig.9 Comparison of experimental data and fitting curves of different body armor samples

图10 改性织物在25mm胶泥凹陷时的变形图

Fig.10 Deformation diagram of modified fabric when BFS is 25mm

图11 不同织物形貌图

Fig.11 Topography of different fabrics

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