金属/聚氨酯波形发生器复合弹体冲击载荷特性及调控机制

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0944

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用撞击方式模拟爆炸/冲击加载是一种有效的实验室规模的加载手段。为探究金属/聚氨酯波形发生器(Polyurethane Waveform Gnerator,PWG)复合弹体的冲击载荷特性及PWG对载荷的调控作用,进行不同尺寸PWG的准静态压缩加载-卸载实验,分析PWG的基本力学特性及PWG的刚度、能量耗散比与PWG尺寸的定性关系。开展不同配置的金属/PWG复合弹体的直接撞击实验,对复合弹体撞击过程进行系统分析,探究冲击速度及PWG尺寸等因素对冲击载荷的影响,并分别建立冲击载荷特征参数与冲击速度、PWG尺寸因子的定量关系。通过金属/PWG复合弹体直接撞击实验的单自由度系统运动方程及PWG动力学模型,探究PWG刚度对冲击载荷的调控作用。研究结果表明:PWG的静刚度系数随直径的增加而增大,随厚度的增加而减小;与PWG直径相比,厚度对能量耗散比的影响更加显著;冲击载荷特征参数与PWG直径D、厚度H的乘积D×H具有显著相关性,且随D×H的增加,峰值压力呈指数下降,持续时间及峰值比冲量分别呈2阶、3阶非线性增长;随着冲击速度的增加,峰值压力和峰值比冲量分别呈现3阶非线性快速增长和线性增长趋势,载荷持续时间则呈现2阶非线性下降趋势;PWG直径对冲击载荷的影响主要通过调控线性静刚度系数α实现,直径越大,α越大,冲击载荷峰值越小,冲量越大,载荷越趋近于半正弦曲线;PWG厚度的影响主要通过调控非线性静刚度系数γ实现,厚度越小,γ越大,冲击载荷峰值越大,冲量越小,载荷的尖峰细腰形状越明显。

关键词: 聚氨酯波形发生器, 金属/聚氨酯波形发生器复合弹体, 模拟爆炸/冲击加载, 冲击载荷调控

Abstract:

Using projectile impact to simulate blast/shock loading is an effective laboratory-scale loading method which has attracted great attention. The quasi-static compressive loading-unloading experiments of PWGs with different geometric sizesaremade to investigate the impact load characteristics of metal/polyurethane waveform generator (PWG) composite projectile and the regulation effect of PWG on the load. The basic mechanical properties of PWG, including the qualitative relationship among the stiffness, energy dissipation ratio and the geometric size of PWG, are analyzed. Direct impact tests of metal/PWG composite projectiles with different PWG configurations are performed. Based on direct impact test results, the impact process of metal/PWG composite projectile is systematically analyzed, and the quantitative relationships among the characteristic parameters of impact load, the impact velocity and the PWG geometric size are established, respectively. The regulation effect of PWG stiffness on impact load is explored by the motion equation of single degree of freedom system for projectile direct impact test and the dynamic model of PWG. The results show that the static stiffness coefficient and energy dissipation ratio increase with the increase in diameter, but decrease with the thickness. The results show that the static stiffness coefficient of PWG increases with the diameter, but decreases with the increase in thickness. Compared with PWG diameter, the thickness shows more significant influence on the energy dissipation. The impact load characteristic parameters are significantly correlated with the product of diameter and thickness(D×H) of PWG. With the increase in D×H, the peak pressure decreases exponentially, and the duration and peak specific impulse increase nonlinearly in 2-order and 3-order, respectively. With the increase in the impact velocity, the peak pressure increases nonlinearly in 3-order, the peak specific impulse increases linearly, and the pulse duration decreases nonlinearly in 2-order. In addition, the influence of PWG diameter on impact load is mainly realized by regulating the linear static stiffness coefficient α. The larger the PWG diameter is,the larger the α is, the smaller the peak load is, the greater the impulse is, and the more similar the load shape to half-sinusoid. The influence of PWG thickness on impact load is mainly realized by regulating the nonlinear static stiffness coefficient γ. The smaller the PWG thickness is, the larger the peak load is, the smaller the impulseis, and the more obvious the shape of ‘peak and thin waist’ is.

Key words: polyurethane waveform generator, metal/PWG composite projectile, simulated blast/impact loading, load regulation

中图分类号:

O347

杨冠侠, 武海军, 田泽, 董恒, 黄风雷. 金属/聚氨酯波形发生器复合弹体冲击载荷特性及调控机制[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1648-1662.

YANG Guanxia, WU Haijun, TIAN Ze, DONG Heng, HUANG Fenglei. Impact Load Characteristic and Regulation Mechanism of Metal/polyurethane Waveform Generator Composite Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1648-1662.

图/表 31

图1 UCSD爆炸模拟器总体组成示意图[10]

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of UCSD blast simulator[10]

图2 撞击模块及其相关组件示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of impact module and related components

图3 不同尺寸的PWG试件

Fig.3 PWG specimens of different geometric sizes

图4 准静态压缩加载-卸载实验

Fig.4 Quasi-static compressive loading-unloading test of PWG

图5 金属/PWG复合弹体

Fig.5 Metal/PWG composite projectile

图6 直接撞击实验示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of direct impact test

表1 复合弹体直接撞击实验设置

Table 1 Direct impact test setup

图7 准静态压缩加载-卸载实验典型载荷-位移曲线

Fig.7 Typicalload-displacement curves of quasi-static compressive loading-unloading test

表2 不同直径PWG的能量耗散比(H=25mm)

Table 2 Energy dissipation ratioes of PWGs with different diameters(H=25mm)

D/ mm	l/H=0.5			l/H=0.6
D/ mm	E'/ (kN·mm)	E/ (kN·mm)	δ	E'/ (kN·mm)	E/ (kN·mm)	δ
32.5	1.805	9.343	0.192	3.005	14.806	0.202
39.0	2.43	12.718	0.190	3.967	20.033	0.197
48.0	3.801	19.414	0.195	6.384	30.757	0.207
58.0	5.795	29.009	0.200	9.594	45.436	0.211

表3 不同厚度PWG的能量耗散比(D=58mm)

Table 3 Energy dissipation ratioes of PWGs with different thicknesses(D=58mm)

H/ mm	l/H=0.5			l/H=0.6
H/ mm	E'/ (kN·mm)	E/ (kN·mm)	δ	E'/ (kN·mm)	E/ (kN·mm)	δ
12	4.475	15.811	0.283	7.818	25.223	0.310
25	6.024	29.231	0.206	9.70	45.78	0.212
37	8.886	44.55	0.199	14.318	70.367	0.203
50	10.81	61.906	0.175	20.476	101.53	0.202

图8 能量耗散比随PWG尺寸的变化

Fig.8 Energy dissipation ratioes of PWGs with different geometric sizes

图9 PWG的典型准静态压缩载荷-位移曲线 (D=48mm,H=25mm)

Fig.9 Typical quasi-static compressive loading-displacement curve of PWG(D=48mm,H=25mm)

表4 不同直径PWG的静刚度系数(H=25mm)

Table 4 Static stiffness coefficients of PWGs with different diameters (H=25mm)

D/mm	α/(N·m^-1)	β/(N·m^-1)	γ
32.5	84252.85	509.78	317.51
39.0	122304.79	624.97	327.94
48.0	182625.69	830.15	336.02
58.0	266202.53	962.92	342.00

表5 不同厚度PWG的静刚度系数(D=58mm)

Table 5 Static stiffness coefficients of PWGs with different thicknesses (D=58mm)

H/mm	α/(N·m^-1)	β/(N·m^-1)	γ
12	841657.06	1873.84	863.06
25	266202.53	962.92	342.00
37	180856.78	955.47	218.39
50	125933.70	757.91	155.27

图10 静刚度系数随PWG尺寸的变化

Fig.10 Static stiffness coefficients of PWGs with different geometric sizes

图11 金属/PWG复合弹体冲击的典型压力-时程曲线 (D=48mm,H=25mm)

Fig.11 Typical pressure-timecurve of metal/PWG composite projectile(D=48mm,H=25mm)

图12 初始撞击阶段PWG应变云图 (D=48mm,H=25mm)

Fig.12 Strain contours of PWG at the initial impact stage (D=48mm,H=25mm)

图13 复合弹体撞击示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram ofcomposite projectile impact

图14 复合弹体撞击过程

Fig.14 Impact process of composite projectile

图15 冲击速度对冲击载荷特性的影响

Fig.15 Effect of impact velocity on impact load characteristic

表6 不同冲击速度撞击实验结果 (D=48mm,H=25mm)

Table 6 Test results at different impact velocities (D=48mm,H=25mm)

v₀/(m·s^-1)	p_max/MPa	T/ms	I_max/(kPa·s)
7.51	3.39	5.795	8.659
9.66	6.14	4.154	10.697
14.56	13.19	2.560	14.995
18.82	29.40	1.705	18.560
21.40	43.15	1.215	21.093

图16 载荷特征参数随冲击速度的变化

Fig.16 Changing trend of load characteristic parameters with impact velocity

图17 PWG直径对冲击载荷特性的影响(H=25mm)

Fig.17 Effect of PWG diameters on impact load characteristic(H=25mm)

表7 不同直径PWG配置弹体的撞击实验结果 (H=25mm)

Table 7 Test results for different PWG diameters (H=25mm)

D/mm	p_max/MPa	T/ms	I_max/(kPa·s)	l/H
32.5	20.24	1.95	14.41	0.842
39.0	15.97	2.01	14.46	0.818
48.0	13.19	2.56	14.99	0.782

图18 PWG厚度对冲击载荷特性的影响(D=48mm)

Fig.18 Effect of PWG thickness on impact load characteristic(D=48mm)

表8 不同厚度PWG配置弹体撞击实验结果 (D=48mm)

Table 8 Test results for different PWG thicknesses (D=48mm)

H/mm	p_max/MPa	T/ms	I_max/(kPa·s)	l/H
12	25.55	1.23	13.49	0.801
25	13.19	2.56	14.99	0.782
37	9.45	3.37	15.31	0.738
50	6.98	6.36	16.38	0.717
58	6.35	7.23	17.91	0.703

表9 典型几何因子与载荷特征参数的相关性系数

Table 9 Correlation coefficientsamong typical geometric factors and load characteristic parameters

特征参数	几何因子
特征参数	D	H	DH	D²H	DH²
p_max	-0.425	-0.890	-0.910	-0.907	-0.812
T	0.381	0.977	0.983	0.972	0.987
I_max	0.348	0.981	0.981	0.966	0.977

图19 载荷特征参数随DH的变化

Fig.19 Changing trend of load characteristic parameters with DH

图20 线性静刚度系数α对冲击载荷的影响 (β=830.15,γ=336.02)

Fig.20 Effect of linear static stiffness coefficient α on impact load (β=830.15,γ=336.02)

图21 非线性静刚度系数β对冲击载荷的影响 (α=182625.69,γ=336.02)

Fig.21 Effect of nonlinear static stiffness coefficient β on impact load (α=182625.69,γ=336.02)

图22 非线性静刚度系数γ对冲击载荷的影响 (α=182625.69,β=830.15)

Fig.22 Effect of nonlinear static stiffness coefficient γ on impact load (α=182625.69,β=830.15)

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