可变形异型弹体撞击高强度岩石实验

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0278

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发射弹体作为激励物破碎高强度岩石实现样品采集在近地小行星(NEA)取样方案中备受关注。为研究可变形异型弹体撞击高强度岩石的弹靶作用过程及岩石破碎机理,设计花瓣形贯穿式、花瓣形非贯穿式与圆卵形贯穿式3类弹体,基于57mm轻气炮和14.5mm弹道枪开展低速(71.4~280.0m/s)与高速(453.0~612.0m/s)撞击单轴抗压强度180MPa高强度玄武岩实验,获得不同构型和入射速度下弹体变形模式、反射速度及反射动能比、岩石破碎区直径、开坑深度及碎岩质量变化规律。实验结果表明:低速撞击下,两类花瓣形弹体的反射速度较圆卵形弹体降低了约21.9%~42.8%,且具有更低的反射动能比;高速撞击下,花瓣形非贯穿式弹体的弹靶作用过程为多点同步撞击与泰勒杆式撞击两段式过程,其碎岩质量约为花瓣形贯穿式弹体的3倍。研究结果为可变形异型弹体构型设计、高强度岩石破碎机理研究提供实验验证与研究思路。

关键词: 可变形异型弹体, 高速撞击, 高强度岩石, 弹靶作用

Abstract:

Fracturing a high-strength rockto collect the fragment samples by the kinetic energy of deformable special-shaped projectile has attracted much attention in the Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) sampling scheme. Three types of deformable special-shaped projectiles,i.e., petal penetrating, petal non-penetrating and oval penetrating, are designed to study theprojectile-target interaction and rock fracture mechanism. Based on 57mm lightgas gun and 14.5mm ballistic gun, the low-speed (71.4-280.0m/s) and high-speed (453.0-612.0m/s) impact experiments are carried out for a rock with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa to obtain the reflected velocity of projectile, mass of rock fragments, and diameter and depth of fracturing zone. Experimental results show that, in the low-speed impact experiments, two types of petal projectiles have lower reflected kinetic energy ratio and its reflection speed is reduced by 21.9%-42.8% compared to other projectiles; In the high-speed impact experiments, the projectile-target interaction of petal projectile is two-phase processes: multi-point simultaneous impact and Taylor rod impact, which increase the mass of fragments about three times than petal penetrating projectiles. The research inspires the designing of deformable special-shaped projectile and the comprehending of fracture mechanism of rocks under impact.

Key words: deformable special-shaped projectile, high-speed impact, high-strength rock, projectile-target interaction

中图分类号:

O347

任光, 武海军, 董恒, 吕映庆, 黄风雷. 可变形异型弹体撞击高强度岩石实验[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3793-3804.

REN Guang, WU Haijun, DONG Heng, LÜ Yingqing, HUANG Fenglei. Deformable Special-Shaped Projectile Impacting a High-strength Rock:Experiments and Analysis[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3793-3804.

图/表 27

表1 钽棒材料化学成分

Table 1 Chemical composition of tantalum rod %

C	O	N	H	Nb	Fe	Si	W	Ta
0.0070	0.0075	0.0020	0.0020	0.0003	0.0003	0.0010	0.0040	余量

表2 钽基础物理与力学性质(20℃)

Table 2 Basic physical and mechanical properties of tantalum (20℃)

密度/ (g·cm^-3)	热膨胀系数 (<100℃)	熔点/℃	泊松比	弹性模量/ GPa	屈服强度 (-100℃)/MPa	屈服强度 (500℃)/MPa
16.6	6.5×10^-6	2995.0	0.3	195.0	600.0	360.0

图1 3类可变形异型弹体

Fig.1 Three types of deformable special-shaped projectiles

图2 单轴抗压强度180MPa玄武岩靶

Fig.2 Basalt target with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa

图3 57mm口径轻气炮实验平台

Fig.3 57mm light airgas gun platform

图4 弹体与弹托装配

Fig.4 Projectile and tray assembled part

图5 破碎区包络圆

Fig.5 Envelope circle of fracture area

表3 3类异型弹体低速撞击抗压强度180MPa玄武岩实验结果

Table 3 Experimental results of low-speed impact of three types of projectiles on basalt target with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa

弹体类型	弹体质量/g	v_m/ (m·s^-1)	v_r/ (m·s^-1)	d_c/ mm	破碎粒度/mm	G/%
	10.7	71.4	11.0	9.0	≤1.0	2.4
T1	10.7	111.2	12.0	11.5	≤3.0	1.2
	10.7	279.0	22.9	17.5	≤12.0	0.7
	15.4	78.0	11.0	12.0	≤1.0	2.0
T2	15.4	110.6	15.6	16.5	≤3.0	2.0
	15.4	280.0	26.6	33.0	≤10.0	1.0
	11.7	82.5	20.5	8.0	≤1.0	6.6
T3	11.7	121.0	22.0	9.5	≤2.0	3.4
	11.8	260.0	34.7	13.5	≤5.0	1.8

图6 T1弹体撞击玄武岩靶体

Fig.6 Pprocesses of T1 projectile impacting on basalt targets

图7 T1弹体以不同速度撞击岩石靶板后弹体变形模式

Fig.7 Deformation of T1 projectile after impacting the rock target at different speeds

图8 T2弹体以不同速度撞击岩石靶板后弹体变形模式

Fig.8 Deformation of T2 projectile after impacting the rock target at different speeds

图9 T3弹体以不同速度撞击岩石靶板后弹体变形模式

Fig.9 Deformation of T3 projectile after impacting the rock target at different speeds

图10 弹体的反射圆锥体

Fig.10 Reflecting cone of projectile

图11 名义反射速度及反射速度区间与入射速度关系

Fig.11 Nominal reflection velocity and reflection velocity rangeunder the low-speed impact

图12 3类弹体反射动能比与入射动能关系

Fig.12 The relationship among the reflection kinetic energy ratiosand incident kinetic energies of the three types of projectiles

图13 3类弹体无量纲破碎区直径与入射动能

Fig.13 Dimensionless crushing zone diameters of three types of projectiles versus incident kinetic energy

图14 14.5mm口径弹道枪实验平台

Fig.14 Experimental platform of 14.5mm ballistic gun

表4 T1与T2弹体高速撞击抗压强度180MPa玄武岩实验结果

Table 4 Experimental results of high-speed impacts of T1 and T2 projectiles on basalt target with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa

弹型	弹体质量/g	入射速度/ (m·s^-1)	破碎区直径/mm	开坑深度/mm	碎岩质量/g	N
	10.6	453.0	22.0	3.0	0.8	7.3
T1	10.5	458.0	28.0	4.0	2.2	7.0
	10.6	599.0	32.0	7.0	2.4	4.6
	10.5	600.0	33.0	7.0	2.8	4.7
	15.7	455.0	38.0	6.0	10.2	6.3
T2	15.7	465.0	40.0	7.0	11.7	5.7
	15.6	612.0	57.0	12.0	19.9	4.8
	15.7	610.0	55.0	11.0	19.8	5.0

图15 T2弹体撞击玄武岩靶体

Fig.15 Processes of T2 projectile impacting basalt target

图16 弹体变形模式

Fig.16 Deformation of projectile

图17 花瓣形头部多点同步撞击

Fig.17 Multi-point simultaneous impact

图18 圆柱段泰勒杆式撞击

Fig.18 Taylor rod impact of cylindrical section

图19 靶体高速撞击形成的破碎区

Fig.19 Fragmentation zone formed by high-speed impact

图20 无量纲开坑深度与入射动能

Fig.20 Dimensionless fragmentation zone depth versus incident kinetic energy

图21 无量纲破碎区直径与入射动能

Fig.21 Dimensionless fragmentation zone diameter versus incident kinetic energy

图22 不同强度靶体的破碎区形状系数

Fig.22 Shape coefficients of fragmentation zones of targets with different strengths

图23 碎岩质量与入射动能

Fig.23 Fragmentation rock mass versusincident kinetic energy

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