氧化锆陶瓷的动态弯曲断裂行为

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置,结合一套新设计的夹具对氧化锆陶瓷进行动态弯曲测试。通过应变片实测信号与有限元模拟结果确定试样的起裂时间,并结合透射信号获得试样的弯曲强度。研究结果表明,试样的起裂时间与透射波的波峰时刻具有良好的匹配性,因此能够用透射波峰值确定弯曲强度。通过实验数据的对比分析验证了试样在加载过程的受力平衡,并通过高速摄影技术验证了试样起裂时间的准确性。实验结果表明:在85.4~239.7TPa/s的加载速率范围内,试样弯曲强度呈现与加载速率正相关的变化趋势,而断裂时间则随加载速率的增加而减小;通过断口分析可知,随着加载速率的提高,氧化锆陶瓷由穿晶与沿晶并存的混合断裂模式转变为以穿晶断裂为主的失效模式。

关键词: 分离式霍普金森压杆, 动态弯曲强度, 三点弯曲实验, 氧化锆陶瓷

Abstract:

The dynamic three-point bending test of zirconia ceramics is carried out by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device combined with a newly designed fixture.The fracture initiation time of the specimen is determined by the strain gauge and finite element simulation,and the bending strength of the specimen is calculated from a transmission bar signal.It is found that the fracture initiation time of the specimen matches well with the peak moment of the transmitted wave,so that the peak value of the transmitted wave can be used to determine the bending strength.The force equilibrium of the specimen during loading is verified by analyzing the experimental data.In addition,the accuracy of determined fracture initiation time is verified by high-speed photography.The results show that the bending strength of the specimen shows a positive correlation with the loading rate and the fracture initiation time of the specimen shows a negative correlation with the loading rate in the loading rate range of 85.4-239.7TPa/s.With the increase in loading rate,the failure mode of zirconia ceramic specimens changes from a mixture mode of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture to a failure mode dominated by transgranular fracture.

Key words: split Hopkinson pressure bar, dynamic bending strength, three-point bending test, zirconia ceramic

中图分类号:

蔡治城, 许泽建, 郭保桥, 刘彦, 黄风雷. 氧化锆陶瓷的动态弯曲断裂行为[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(4): 240020-.

CAI Zhicheng, XU Zejian, GUO Baoqiao, LIU Yan, HUANG Fenglei. Dynamic Bending Fracture Behavior of Zirconia Ceramic[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240020-.

图/表 18

图1 氧化锆陶瓷试样几何尺寸

Fig.1 Geometric dimensions of zirconia ceramic specimen

表1 氧化锆陶瓷的元素成分及质量分数

Table 1 Composition and mass fraction of zirconia ceramic %

ZrO₂	Y₂O₃	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	TiO₂	灼烧后质量损失	水分
≥95	0~ 5.31	0~ 0.23	0~ 0.0113	0~ 0.0008	0~ 0.0013	0~2.03	0~0.80

表2 氧化锆陶瓷的力学性能参数

Table 2 Mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	μ	σ_b/MPa
5.9~6.1	210	0.3	950

图2 实验装置及夹具

Fig.2 Experimental setup and fixture

图3 典型实验信号

Fig.3 Typical experimental signals

图4 弯曲应力随时间的变化

Fig.4 Bending stress-time curve

图5 加载速率184.6TPa/s下试样两端受力对比及力平衡因子

Fig.5 Comparison of the experimental forces at two ends of the specimen and the force equilibrium factor under a loading rate of 184.6TPa/s

图6 加载速率98.5TPa/s下试样两端受力对比及力平衡因子

Fig.6 Comparison of the experimental forces at two ends of the specimen and the force equilibrium factor under a loading rate of 98.5TPa/s

图7 试样、夹具的网格划分

Fig.7 The finite element meshes of specimen and fixture

图8 试样在起裂时刻的应力云图

Fig.8 Stress distribution of specimen at fracture initiation moment

表3 入射杆、透射杆及夹具的力学性能参数

Table 3 Mechanical properties of the incident and transmission bars and fixture

名称	材料	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	E/GPa	μ
入射杆	18Ni钢	8000	190	0.3
加载夹具	40Cr钢	7820	199	0.3
支撑夹具、透射杆	7075铝合金	2700	70	0.3

图9 加载速率98.5TPa/s下试样应变信号与模拟试样应变信号对比

Fig.9 Comparison between experimental and FEA results of the strain signal from the specimen under a loading rate of 98.5TPa/s

表4 实验结果

Table 4 Experimental results

编号	起裂时间/μs	弯曲强度/MPa	加载速率/(TPa·s^-1)
T1	16.8	992	98.5
T2	15.8	1034	113.9
T3	16.0	1006	119.2
T4	15.0	1091	114.6
T5	16.6	878	85.4
T6	14.8	1615	184.6
T7	14.0	1863	239.7
T8	15.6	1084	117.5
T9	15.0	1155	135.0
T10	15.4	1126	133.3
T11	14.8	1431	166.7

图10 起裂时间与加载速率的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between fracture initiation time and loading rate

图11 弯曲强度与加载速率的关系

Fig.11 Relationship between bending strength and loading rate

图12 加载速率184.6TPa/s下的高速摄影图

Fig.12 High-speed photographic images under a loading rate of 184.6TPa/s

图13 加载速率135TPa/s下氧化锆断口微观形貌

Fig.13 Microstructure of zirconia fracture under a loading rate of 135TPa/s

图14 加载速率184.6TPa/s下氧化锆断口微观形貌

Fig.14 Microstructure of zirconia fracture under a loading rate of 184.6TPa/s

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