接触爆炸下聚脲涂层增强钢板的抗爆性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足装甲车等武器装备在接触爆炸下的防护需求,通过实验与数值模拟开展单层钢板及迎/背爆面聚脲增强钢板接触爆炸下的抗爆性能研究,分析不同面密度、不同聚脲涂覆位置下钢板的破坏模式及防护机理,探究在一定面密度下钢板-聚脲厚度比对复合结构抗爆性能的影响。研究结果表明:背爆面涂覆等厚度聚脲能够有效减小钢板背面穿孔及拉伸破坏,降低结构残余位移,迎爆面涂覆等厚度聚脲能够显著增强结构抗爆能力,使接触爆炸下的钢板损伤大大降低;相同面密度下,聚脲吸能性能与聚脲厚度正相关,但是聚脲过厚会导致复合结构变形加大,稳定性降低;综合考虑聚脲增强钢板结构的破坏变形、速度衰减以及能量吸收情况,在研究范围内,钢板迎爆面涂覆厚度比为1∶0.78的聚脲层具有最佳的抗爆性能。

关键词: 钢板, 聚脲涂层, 接触爆炸, 抗爆性能, 面密度

Abstract:

The blast-resistant performances of single-layer steel plates and polyurea-coated steel plates under contact explosion are studied to address the protection requirements of armored vehicles and other weapons. Both experimental and numerical simulation approaches are employed to analyze the damage modes and protection mechanisms of steel plates with different areal densities and polyurea coating positions. The impact of the ratio of polyurea thickness to steel plate thickness on the blast-resistant performance of the composite structure is also explored. The results show that coating the back face of steel plate with constant thickness polyurea can effectively reduce the perforation and tensile failure on its back and decrease the residual displacement, while coating the front face with constant thickness polyurea can significantly enhance the blast resistance of the structure and greatly reduce the damage to the steel plate under contact explosion. Under the condition of the same areal density, the energy absorption performance of polyurea is positively correlated with its thickness, but the excessive thickness of polyurea may cause greater deformation and reduced stability of the composite structure. Taking into account the deformation, velocity attenuation and energy absorption of polyurea-coated steel plates, the study finds that the steel plate with a polyurea layer on the front face at a thickness ratio of 1∶0.78 has the best blast-resistant performance within the scope of the research.

Key words: steel plates, polyurea coating, contact explosion, blast-resistant performance, areal density

中图分类号:

O383

刘保华, 徐文龙, 王成, 杨同会, 葛萌. 接触爆炸下聚脲涂层增强钢板的抗爆性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1637-1647.

LIU Baohua, XU Wenlong, WANG Cheng, YANG Tonghui, GE Meng. Contact Explosion Resistance of Steel Plates Reinforced with Polyurea Coating[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1637-1647.

图/表 20

图1 SD-19聚脲力学性能

Fig.1 SD-19 polyurea mechanical properties

图2 聚脲涂覆钢板实验样品

Fig.2 Experimental sample of polyurea-coated steel

图3 聚脲增强钢板接触爆炸实验装置

Fig.3 Polyurea-coated steel plate contact explosion test device

表1 接触爆炸实验工况

Table 1 Contact explosion test conditions

工况	钢板厚度/mm	聚脲厚度/mm	涂覆位置	面密度/ (kg·m^-2)
1	5	无	无	39.25
2	5	5	背爆面	44.35
3	5	5	迎爆面	44.35
4	10	无	无	78.50

图4 聚脲涂层钢板接触爆炸实验结果

Fig.4 Experimental results of contact explosion of polyurea-coated steel plate

图5 5mm爆距单层钢板非接触爆炸实验

Fig.5 Non-contact explosion experiment of steel plate with 5mm blast distance

图6 聚脲涂层钢板1/4有限元模型

Fig.6 1/4 finite element model of polyurea-coated steel plate

表2 45号钢材料参数[31]

Table 2 No.45 steel material parameters[31]

E/ MPa	ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	ν	σ_Y/ MPa	E_T/ MPa	F_s	C/s^-1	P
2.1×10⁵	7850	0.3	355	2000	0.15	1885	2.54

表3 聚脲材料参数

Table 3 Polyurea material parameters

E/MPa	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	ν	σ_Y/MPa	E_T/MPa	FAIL
234.6	1020	0.4	15.7	23.4	0.85

表4 TNT的JWL参数

Table 4 TNT’s JWL parameters

A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
307	3.898	4.485	0.79	0.3
E/GPa	ρ_e/(kg·m^-3)	D_C-J/(m·s^-1)	p_C-J/GPa
6.9684	1580	6880	19.4

图7 钢板爆炸压力数值模拟与实验对比图

Fig.7 Comparison between numerical simulation and experiment of steel plate explosion pressure

表5 接触爆炸实验工况数值模拟结果

Table 5 Numerically simulated results of contact explosion test conditions

工况	钢板				聚脲开孔/ mm	仿真值与实验值的误差/%
工况	迎爆面开孔/ mm	仿真值与实验值的误差/%	背爆面开孔/ mm	仿真值与实验值的误差/%	聚脲开孔/ mm	仿真值与实验值的误差/%
1	22.30	1.76	17.90	1.70
2	22.10	6.25	15.10	9.42	17.30	1.82
3					23.57	6.09
4

图8 4种工况数值模拟-实验对比

Fig.8 Numerical simulation-experimental comparison of four working conditions

图9 工况3爆炸响应

Fig.9 Condition 3 explosion response

表6 等面密度模拟工况设置及最大残余变形对比

Table 6 Isoareal density simulation working condition setting and maximum residual deformation comparison

图10 钢板最大位移点Z轴方向速度-时间曲线

Fig.10 Z-direction velocity-time curve of maximum displacement point of steel plate

图11 不同厚度比下钢板最大位移点的位移-时间曲线

Fig.11 Displacement-time curves of the maximum displacement point of the steel plate under different thickness ratios

图12 F4复合结构能量吸收-时间曲线

Fig.12 Energy absorption-time curves of composite structure F4

图13 F9复合结构能量吸收-时间曲线

Fig.13 Energy absorption-time curves of composite structure F9

图14 8种工况钢板及聚脲能量吸收对比

Fig.14 Comparison of energy absorptions of steel plate and polyurea under eight different working conditions

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