非均匀氢气/空气混合物中一维爆轰波的振荡特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0804

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

波前介质的非均匀性对气相爆轰的传播影响显著,但二者的相互作用机制尚不明确。采用两步诱导-放热反应模型研究一维氢气/空气爆轰波在非均匀介质中的传播特性,分析了扰动波长对不同振荡模态爆轰波的影响规律。研究结果表明:爆轰波的固有振荡频率与扰动频率越接近,其内在不稳定性越容易被激发,表现出更不规则的振荡行为;扰动影响下的爆轰波存在两种压力振荡支配机制,对弱不稳定爆轰波,压力振荡由外界扰动主导,其振荡主频与扰动频率一致,对强不稳定爆轰波,压力振荡由内在不稳定性主导,是无主频的低频振荡,扰动仅起到增大振幅的作用;施加外界扰动时,常压和高空状态下的爆轰波均具有上述振荡特征,进一步佐证了外界扰动调控爆轰波传播特征的可行性。

关键词: 一维爆轰波, 不稳定性, 扰动, 传播特性

Abstract:

The inhomogeneity of the medium in front of the waves has a significant effect on the propagation of gaseous detonation waves, but the interaction mechanism remains unclear. The two-step induction-exothermic reaction model is used to study the propagation characteristics of one-dimensional hydrogen/air detonation waves in a non-uniform medium, and the influence of perturbation wavelength on detonation waves under different oscillation modes is analyzed. The results show that as the perturbation frequency get closer to the inherent oscillation frequency of detonation waves, the inherent instability is more easily triggered, resulting in more irregular oscillations. There are two dominant mechanisms of detonation waves propagating in a non-uniform medium. Pressure oscillation of weakly unstable detonation waves are dominated by density perturbation, and the main frequency of detonation pressure oscillation is consistent with the perturbation frequency; the pressure oscillation of strong detonation waves are dominated by inherent instability, and the oscillation frequency is distributed in the low frequency region without obvious dominant frequency, where perturbation only enhances the oscillation amplitude. When the perturbation is applied, the detonation waves under atmospheric pressure and at high altitudes has the above oscillation characteristics, which further confirms the feasibility of regulating detonation waves by artificial perturbation.

Key words: one-dimensional detonation waves, instability, perturbation, propagation characteristics

郗雪辰, 杨鹏飞, 王宽亮. 非均匀氢气/空气混合物中一维爆轰波的振荡特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 982-993.

XI Xuechen, YANG Pengfei, WANG Kuanliang. Oscillations Characteristics of One-dimensional Detonation Waves in Non-Uniform Hydrogen-Air Mixture[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 982-993.

图/表 15

图1 一维爆轰波在非均匀介质中传播示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of 1D detonation propagation in non-uniform mixture

图2 移动计算域示意图

Fig.2 Schematic of moving computational domain

表1 两步模型和详细反应机理的爆轰参数(压力p= 1atm,温度T=400K)

Table 1 Detonation parameters of two-step model and detailed mechanism at p=1atm, T=400K

参数	两步反应模型	详细反应模型
v_C-J/(m·s^-1)	1963.1	1963.1
M_C-J	4.17	4.17
p_C-J/atm	10.31	11.65
T_C-J/K	2445.08	2973.5
p_vn/atm	19.62	20.48
T_vn/K	1459.24	1605

图3 不同网格条件下的激波后压力振荡

Fig.3 Post-shock pressure history for different number of grids

表2 不同温度下两步反应模型的化学参数

Table 2 Kinetics parameters of two-step reaction model with different temperatures

参数	工况
参数	1	2	3
p/atm	1	1	1
T/K	600	500	400
Q	8.67	10.76	13.90
γ	1.31	1.31	1.32
E_I	6.03 T_s	6.20 T_s	6.63 T_s
k_I	5.97	6.25	6.67
E_R	0.5 T_s	0.5 T_s	0.5 T_s
k_R	1.54	1.94	2.50
T_s	2.69	3.08	3.65

图4 激波后压力随扰动波长的变化(工况1)

Fig.4 Variation of post-shock pressure with perturbation wavelength for Case 1

图5 不同温度条件下压力峰值的分叉图谱

Fig.5 Bifurcation diagram of maximum pressure for 1D detonation with different temperatures

图6 不同扰动波长λ下爆轰波(工况 3)压力的振荡过程(左)及其对应的频谱特征(右)

Fig.6 Post-shock pressure evolution (left) with different λ and the corresponding power spectra (right) for Case 3

图7 不同λ条件下激波后压力的频谱特征(工况2)

Fig.7 Power spectral density of the post-shock pressure with different λ for Case 2

图8 不同λ条件下激波后压力的频谱特征(工况3)

Fig.8 Power spectral density of the post-shock pressure with different λ for Case 3

图9 扰动波长λ对爆轰波压力振荡主频和扰动波长乘积f×λ的影响

Fig.9 Effect of λ on the product of dominant frequency f and perturbation wavelength λ for Case 2 and Case 3

表3 不同飞行马赫数下两步反应模型的化学参数

Table 3 Parameters of two-step model used at high altitudes for different flight Mach numbers

参数	工况
参数	4	5	6
Ma	5	4	3
p/atm	0.14	0.10	0.08
T/K	366.8	334.7	305.5
Q	14.39	15.81	17.33
γ	1.32	1.32	1.32
E_I	6.27 T_s	6.40 T_s	6.33 T_s
k_I	6.79	6.98	7.19
E_R	0.5 T_s	0.5 T_s	0.5 T_s
k_R	1.51	1.53	1.54
T_s	3.78	4.05	4.35

图10 激波后压力随扰动波长的变化(工况4)

Fig.10 Variation of post-shock pressure with perturbation wavelength for Case 4

图11 不同扰动波长λ下爆轰波(Case 4)压力的振荡过程(左)及其对应的频谱特征(右)

Fig.11 Post-shock pressure evolution with different λ and the corresponding power spectra for Case 4

图12 不同温度条件下压力峰值的分叉图谱

Fig.12 Bifurcation diagram of maximum pressure for 1D detonation with different temperatures

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