爆轰不稳定性及初始压力对螺旋爆轰轨迹角的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0860

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究爆轰不稳定性及初始压力对螺旋爆轰轨迹角的影响,开展了预混气螺旋爆轰实验研究。利用内径63.5mm、长4m的爆轰管道系统对4组预混气(气体Ⅰ:2H₂+O₂+50%Ar,气体Ⅱ:C₂H₂+2.5O₂+85%Ar,气体Ⅲ:C₂H₂+5N₂O,气体Ⅳ:CH₄+2O₂)进行爆轰实验;采用烟膜技术记录螺旋爆轰波的胞格结构,测量不同预混气在不同压力下右旋、左旋横波与管轴形成的轨迹角α⁺、α^-,分析轨迹角的变化、初始压力以及爆轰不稳定性对其影响。实验结果表明:4种预混气的螺旋爆轰轨迹角均位于30°~50°范围内;爆轰不稳定性相对较弱的气体(气体Ⅰ,气体Ⅱ,气体Ⅲ),轨迹角测量值与声学理论计算得到的理论值吻合度较好,不稳定性强的气体(气体Ⅳ),测量值与理论值吻合度较差;4种预混气的轨迹角离散度大小及变化趋势与壁面胞格离散度一致;随着初始压力增大,4种预混气的轨迹角均明显减小,减小幅度相近,且在高频螺旋阶段,初始压力比爆轰不稳定性对轨迹角的影响作用更强。

关键词: 螺旋爆轰, 轨迹角, 初始压力, 不稳定性, 三波点轨迹

Abstract:

Experiments were conducted in the detonation tube with an inner diameter of 63.5mm to study the effect of initial pressure and detonation instability on track angle. In the detonation experiments, four typical premixed mixtures (which could be divided into stable mixtures such as Ⅰ:2H₂+O₂+50%Ar, Ⅱ:C₂H₂+2.5O₂+85%Ar and Ⅲ:C₂H₂+5N₂O, and unstable mixtures such as Ⅳ:CH₄+2O₂) were used. During the experiments, the cellular structure of the spinning detonation wave was recorded on the smoked foils. And then, the track angles α⁺ /α^- between the right-handed/left-handed transverse waves and the tube axis were measured under different pressures. At the meantime, the variation of track angle and the influence of initial pressure and gas instability on track angle were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows. The track angles of the four premixed mixtures were in the range of 30°~50°. For the gases (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) with relatively weak detonation instability, the measured values of track angle were in good agreement with theoretical values. However, for the gas with high instability (Ⅳ), the agreement was poor. The magnitude and variation trend of the dispersion of track angle was consistent with those of the cellular structure dispersion. In addition, the higher the initial pressure, the smaller the track angle. As the initial pressure increases, the track angles of the four premixed gases were all significantly decreased, and the decrease was basically consistent. Finally, in the high-frequency spinning phase, the effect of initial pressure on track angle was stronger than that of detonation instability.

Key words: spinning detonation, track angle, initial pressure, instability, triple point trajectory

赵焕娟, 刘克庆, 庞磊, 刘婧, 林敏, 董士铭. 爆轰不稳定性及初始压力对螺旋爆轰轨迹角的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1086-1096.

ZHAO Huanjuan, LIU Keqing, PANG Lei, LIU Jing, LIN Min, DONG Shiming. Effect of Detonation Instability and Initial Pressure on Track Angle of Spinning Detonation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1086-1096.

图/表 11

图1 螺旋爆轰实验设备示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of spinning detonation experimental apparatus

表1 预混气爆轰实验初始参数表

Table 1 Initial parameters of detonation experiments

气体	初始温度T₀/K	初始压力p₀/kPa
Ⅰ		2.99,3.20,3.56,5.20,6.16,10.68,13.82,15.61
Ⅱ	298.15	3.10,3.65,8.40,10.50,12.30,14.00,15.57
Ⅲ		0.89,1.06,2.07,2.15,3.03,3.19,4.23,6.30
Ⅳ		3.75,4.06,5.12,5.21,13.10

图2 气体Ⅲ、气体Ⅳ的爆轰波传播速度

Fig.2 Velocity of detonation wave propagation of Gas III and Gas IV

图3 4种预混气单头螺旋与双头螺旋侧壁结果

Fig.3 Records of single-head detonation and double-head detonation of the side wall of the four premixed mixtures

图4 4种预混气多头螺旋侧壁结果

Fig.4 Records of multi-head detonation of the side wall of the four premixed mixtures

图5 实验测得的4种预混气爆轰波胞格尺寸

Fig.5 Experimentally measured detonation cell sizes of the four premixed mixtures

图6 4种预混气爆轰波胞格尺寸方差

Fig.6 Variance of detonation cell sizes of the four premixed mixtures

图7 气体Ⅱ烟膜结果及轨迹描绘结果

Fig.7 Records of smoked foil and trajectory description of gas Ⅱ

图8 4种预混气夹角α+、α-测量平均值与理论值比较

Fig.8 Comparison between average measured and theoretical values of of angle α+ and α- of the four premixed mixtures

图9 4种预混气的轨迹角方差

Fig.9 Variance of of track angle of the four premixed mixtures

图10 4种预混气的螺旋头数随初始压力的变化

Fig.10 Variation of the number of spinning heads with initial pressure of the four premixed mixtures

参考文献 30

[1]	LEE J H S. The detonation phenomenon[M]. Cambridge, MA, US: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
[2]	SHEPHERD J E, PINTGEN F, AUSTIN J M, et al. The structure of the detonation front in gases[C]∥Proceedings of the 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. Reno,NV, US:AIAA, 2002:1-13.
[3]	DOU H S, KHOO B C. Effect of initial disturbance on the detonation front structure of a narrow duct[J]. Shock Waves, 2010, 20(2):163-173. doi: 10.1007/s00193-009-0240-8 URL
[4]	CHO D R, WON S H, EDWARD J R, et al. Numerical study of three-dimensional detonation wave dynamics in a circular tube[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013, 34:1929-1937. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.08.003 URL
[5]	TSUBOI N, DAIMON Y, HAYASHI A K. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of detonations in coaxial tubes[J]. Shock Waves, 2008, 18(5):379-392. doi: 10.1007/s00193-008-0152-z URL
[6]	CAMPBELL C, WOODHEAD DW. The ignition of gases by an explosive wave[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, 1927, 130:1572-1578.
[7]	SCHOTT G L. Observation of the structure of spinning detonations[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1965, 8:55-61.
[8]	ZHANG F, GRÖNIG H. Spin detonation in reactive particles-oxidizing gas flow[J]. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 1991, 3(8):1983-1990. doi: 10.1063/1.857930 URL
[9]	ISHII K, GRONIG H. Behavior of detonation waves at low pressures[J]. Shock Waves, 1997, 8(1):55-61. doi: 10.1007/s001930050098 URL
[10]	KASIMOV A R, STEWART D S. Spinning instability of gaseous detonations[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2002, 466:179-203. doi: 10.1017/S0022112002001192 URL
[11]	HANANA M, LEFEBVRE M H. Pressure profiles in detonation cells with rectangular and diagonal structures[J]. Shock Waves, 2001, 11(2):77-88. doi: 10.1007/PL00004068 URL
[12]	TSUBOI N, ASAHARA M, ETO K, et al. Numerical simulation of spinning detonation in square tube[J]. Shock Waves, 2008, 18(4):329-344. doi: 10.1007/s00193-008-0153-y URL
[13]	EMAMI S D, KASMANI R M, NASERZADEH Z, et al. Effectiveness of diluent gases on hydrogen flame propagation in tee pipe (part II)-influence of tee junction position[J]. Fuel, 2017, 190:260-267. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.018 URL
[14]	ZHAO H J, LIU K Q, LIN M, et al. Propagation characteristics of unstable detonation waves in round tube with annular perturbation[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(24):9127-9138. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.044 URL
[15]	武郁文, 褚驰, 翁春生, 等. 孔板扰动对爆轰波胞格结构特性影响的实验研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(11):15-23.
	WU Y W, CHU C, WENG C S, et al. Experimental study on the effect of orifice plate disturbance on the cellular structure of detonation wave[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(11):15-23. (in Chinese)
[16]	严屹然, 张英华, 赵焕娟, 等. 螺旋爆轰内部胞格结构实验探索[J]. 推进技术, 2021, 42(3):593-600.
	YAN Y R, ZHANG Y H, ZHAO H J, et al. Experimental research on spinning detonation structure[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2021, 42(3):593-600. (in Chinese)
[17]	ACHASOV O V, PENYAZKOV O G. Dynamics study of detonation-wave cellular structure 1. Statistical properties of detonation wave front[J]. Shock Waves, 2002, 11(4):297-308. doi: 10.1007/s001930100106 URL
[18]	KITANO S, FUKAO M, SUSA A, et al. Spinning detonation and velocity deficit in small diameter tubes[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009, 32:2355-2362. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.119 URL
[19]	WU Y W, LEE J H S. Stability of spinning detonation waves[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(6):2660-2669. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.03.021 URL
[20]	DUFF R E. Investigation of spinning detonation and detonation stability[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1961, 4(11):1427-1433.
[21]	赵焕娟, 严屹然, 张英华. 2H₂+O₂+3Ar预混气螺旋爆轰内部结构的实验探索[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2018, 39(4): 922-929.
	ZHAO H J, YAN Y R, ZHANG Y H. Experimental observation of spiral detonation inner structure[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2018, 39(4):922-929. (in Chinese)
[22]	HUANG Z W, LEFEBVRE M H, VAN T P. Experiments on spinning detonations with detailed analysis of the shock structure[J]. Shock Waves, 2000, 10:119-125. doi: 10.1007/s001930050185 URL
[23]	SUGIYAMA Y, MATSUO A. Numerical study of acoustic coupling in spinning detonation propagating in a circular tube[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2013, 160(11):2457-2470. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.003 URL
[24]	SUGIYAMA Y, MATSUO A. Numerical analysis on acoustic coupling of spinning detonation in a square tube[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2016, 11(1):10-17.
[25]	LI J, NING J, LEE J H S. Mach reflection of a ZND detonation wave[J]. Shock Waves, 2015, 25(3):293-304. doi: 10.1007/s00193-015-0562-7 URL
[26]	LI J, LEE J H S. Numerical simulation of mach reflection of cellular detonations[J]. Shock Waves, 2016, 26(5):673-682. doi: 10.1007/s00193-016-0668-6 URL
[27]	LI J, REN H L, WANG X H, et al. Length scale effect on Mach reflection of cellular detonations[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2018, 189:378-392. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.11.002 URL
[28]	ZHAO H, LEE J H S, LEE J, et al. Quantitative comparison of cellular patterns of stable and unstable mixtures[J]. Shock Waves, 2016, 26(5):621-633. doi: 10.1007/s00193-016-0673-9 URL
[29]	ZHANG B, LIU H, LI Y C. The effect of instability of detonation on the propagation modes near the limits in typical combustible mixtures[J]. Fuel, 2019, 253:305-310. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.05.006 URL
[30]	XIAO Q, RADULESCU M I. Role of instability on the limits of laterally strained detonation waves[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2020, 220:410-428. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.040 URL