Explosive Shock Synthesis of Cesium Lead Chloride Perovskite Powder

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0339

Abstract

Abstract:

Metal halide perovskites have become a current research hotspot owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and significant potential application value. The elemental composition and crystal structure of perovskite material have crucial influence on its performance.To realize the preparation of novel perovskites,this paper focuses on the research of synthesizing cesium lead chloride perovskite (CsPbCl₃) under shock loading.In this study,CsPbCl₃ perovskite powder is synthesized by the shock loading of detonation-driven flyer plates under the conditions of 0.6-0.8 relative densities of powder and 14.2-27.9GPa shock pressures.The characterization results of X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the recovered products are CsPbCl₃ perovskite powders.Experimental results also demonstrate that the shock pressure and the relative density of precursor are two key factors to the synthesis of CsPbCl₃ perovskite powder.Based on the experimental conditions and analytical characterization results,a formation mechanism of CsPbCl₃ synthesis is discussed.It is confirmed that the proper shock pressure for high-purity CsPbCl₃ powder synthesis is from 14GPa to 17GPa.It is also suggested that the shock synthesis method is a feasible approach for preparing difficult-to-synthesize perovskite.

Key words: CsPbCl₃ perovskite, shock synthesis, detonation-driven flyer plate, shock wave

CLC Number:

TJ301

XIAO Zeqi, GAO Xin, ZHANG Xueying, LIU Kaiyuan, YUE Lidan, QIN Zhiqi, CHEN Pengwan. Explosive Shock Synthesis of Cesium Lead Chloride Perovskite Powder[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240339-.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of shock compression device

Table 1 Experimental conditions

编号	致密度	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	飞片厚度/mm	装药高度/mm	飞片速度/ (km·s^-1)	冲击压力/ GPa
1-1	0.6	2100	1	70	1.04	14.2
1-2	0.7					15.6
1-3	0.8					17.2
2-1	0.6	2300	1	100	1.28	17.9
2-2	0.7					19.6
2-3	0.8					21.6
3-1	0.6	2600	1	100	1.45	20.7
3-2	0.7					22.6
3-3	0.8					24.9
4-1	0.6	3200	1	70	1.59	23.3
4-2	0.7					25.4
4-3	0.8					27.9
5-2	0.7	2600	1	80	1.35	21.0

Fig.2 Shock pressure and particle velocity

Table 2 Calculation of pressure parameters by impedance matching method

材料	致密度	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	Hugoniot参数
材料	致密度	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	C/(km·s^-1)	S
CsCl+PbCl₂	0.6	4.97	3.3796	1.0685
	0.7		4.0484
	0.8		4.8695

Fig.3 XRD patterns of raw materials,grounded mixed powder and recovered products

Fig.4 XRD patterns of products under different shock pressures

Table 3 Grain sizes of recovered products under different experimental conditions

编号	致密度	冲击压力/GPa	晶粒尺寸/nm
4-1	0.6	23.3	49.2
3-1		20.7	50.4
2-1		17.9	54.0
1-1		14.2	61.9
4-2	0.7	25.4	45.6
3-2		22.6	44.7
2-2		19.6	51.8
1-2		15.6	80.9
4-3	0.8	27.9	45.2
3-3		24.9	38.9
2-3		21.6	54.2
1-3		17.2	61.8

Fig.5 XRD patterns of products under the same shock pressure and different relative densities

Table 4 Peak intensity ratio of CsPbCl3 and Cs4PbCl6 under the same shock pressure

编号	致密度	冲击压力/ GPa	Cs₄PbCl₆:CsPbCl₃ 相对峰强/%
2-3	0.8	21	8.01
5-2	0.7		7.54
3-1	0.6		11.02

Fig.6 EDS images of Products 1-3(The top is the scan area,and the bottom is the scan results)

Table 5 EDS results

元素及总量	原子质量百分比/%
Cl	61.07
Cs	21.02
Pb	17.91
总量	100.00

Fig.7 SEM images

Fig.8 TEM images(The left is the morphology image,and the right is the corresponding high-resolution image)

Fig.9 High resolution image and IFFT image of Product 3-1

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