Effect of Active Material Content on the Near-field Shock Wave of Low Collateral Damage Bomb

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1291

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the near-field damage power of the existing low collateral damage technology scheme, the ratio of material is optimized by adding different contents of pyrotechnic active materials into the heavy metal particle embedding layer of split-type low collateral damage bomb. The static explosion test of different contents of active material in the WC-Al-NaNO3-FKM composite embedding layer was carried out, and the shock wave pressure curve after explosion was measured by the free field pressure test system. The results show that the shock wave overpressure reaches the maximumwhen the active material content increases to 15%, and is increased by 57.5% and 18.2% at 37.5CD (charge diameter) and 50CD, respectively; The maximum increase in specific impulse at 37.5CD was 25.7% when the active material content was increased to 20%. On the basis of the test results, the parameters of Miller item in the afterburning reaction model of active materialare determined by numerical simulation method, and the energy release law of afterburning reaction with different contents of active material and the relationship between the reactivity of active material component and its change with time were obtained. In an ideal situation, the afterburning reaction time decreases with the increase in the active material content. The research results provide a better technical strategy for the near-field enhanced damage element design of low collateral damage warhead.

Key words: active material content, heavy metal particle embedding layer, shock wave overpressure, afterburning effect

CLC Number:

TJ45

FAN Ruijun, WANG Xiaofeng, WANG Jinying, ZHOU Jie, WANG Shaohong, PI Aiguo. Effect of Active Material Content on the Near-field Shock Wave of Low Collateral Damage Bomb[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1613-1624.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1 Heavy metal particle embedded components and specimen

Table 1 Heavy metal particle embedded formulation

序号	重金属颗粒嵌层配比				WC 粒径/ μm	铝粉尺寸/ μm
序号	WC%	Al%	NaNO₃/ %	复合粘结剂%	WC 粒径/ μm	铝粉尺寸/ μm
LCD-1	90	0	0	10	150~250	80~150
LCD-2	82	9.1	3.9	5	150~250	80~150
LCD-3	75	13.3	7.3	4.4	150~250	80~150
LCD-4	70	17.3	9.6	3.1	150~250	80~150

Fig.2 TG curves of typical active material formulations

Fig.3 Split-type low collateral damage scale warhead model

Fig.4 Composition of testing device and layout of test site

Fig.5 Shock wave overpressure peak curve

Fig.6 Differences in shock wave characteristic parameters of specimens with different active material contents at different positions

Fig.7 Differences in shock wave characteristic parameters of active material specimens with different packing modes at different positions

Fig.8 Normalized curves of shock wave overpressure peak value and specific impulse with different contents of active material

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of calculation model

Table 2 Parameters of JWL equation of state

炸药及RM	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	w	Q/(MJ·kg^-1)	E/(MJ·kg^-1)
B炸药/0% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	0	4.95
B炸药/10% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	15.67	4.95
B炸药/15% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	16.24	4.95
B炸药/20% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	16.769	4.95

Table 3 Comparison betweentest and simulated results of shock wave overpressure peak value

R/m	10%RM			15%RM			20%RM
R/m	Δp_i,e/MPa	Δp_i,s/MPa	Δp_i/%	Δp_i,e/MPa	Δp_i,s/MPa	Δp_i/%	Δp_i,e/MPa	Δp_i,s/MPa	Δp_i/%
1.5	0.1692	0.1636	-3.3	0.1796	0.1738	-3.2	0.1686	0.1605	-4.8
2.0	0.0860	0.0895	4.4	0.1040	0.1030	-0.9	0.0880	0.0884	4.5
3.0	0.0400	0.0428	3.3	0.0360	0.0380	2.2	0.0410	0.0410	0

Fig. 10 Shock wave pressure-time curves at 37.5CD

Fig.11 Varying curves of shock wave pressure peak and travel distance over time

Fig.12 Combustion fraction-time curves of active materials with different contents

Fig.13 Explosion field temperature-time curve of 15% active material sample

Fig.14 Explosion field temperature—time curve at 25.0CD

Fig.15 The curves of explosion temperature-active material content at different locations

Fig.16 Explosion process of warhead scale model

References 25

[1]	YARWOOD J, ANDERSON M L, FUMAGALLI L, et al. Novel munition design for low-collateral damage weapons[C]//Proceedings of AIAA SciTech.AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. San Diego, CA, US: AIAA, 2019: 2289.
[2]	左腾, 皮爱国. 亚毫米级金属微粒的爆炸驱动:模型与数值计算[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(增刊2):165-170.
	ZUO T, PI A G. Detonation driving of submillimeter-sized metal particles:model and numerical calculation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(S2):165-170. (in Chinese)
[3]	FROST D L, ORNTHANALAI C, ZAREI Z, et al. Particle momentum effects from the detonation of heterogeneous explosives[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2007, 101(11):113529.
[4]	李俊承, 樊壮卿, 梁斌, 等. 一种低附带弹药金属颗粒定向加载技术[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(4):869-875.
	LI J C, FAN Z Q, LIANG B, et al. Experimental study on directed loading metal particles of low collateral damage ammunition[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(4):869-875. (in Chinese)
[5]	TURKER L. Thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives (TBX and EBX)[J]. Defence Technology, 2016, 12(6):423-445. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2016.09.002
[6]	LIU D Y, ZHAO P, CHAN H Y, et al. Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive[J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(2):327-337. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.12.001
[7]	JIANG C, LU G, MAO L, et al. Effects of aluminum content on the energy output characteristics of CL-20-based aluminized explosives in a closed vessel[J]. Shock Waves, 2021, 31:141-151.
[8]	ZHOU Z Q, NIE J X, OU Z C, et al. Effects of the aluminum content on the shock wave pressure and the acceleration ability of RDX-based aluminized explosives[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2014, 116(14):144906.
[9]	李根, 卢芳云, 李翔宇, 等. 基于气固两相反应流的温压炸药能量释放规律数值模拟及实验验证[J]. 火炸药学报, 2021, 44(2):195-204. doi: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202012021
	LI G, LU F Y, LI X Y, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental verification on the energy release law of thermostatic explosive based on gas-solid two-phase reaction flow[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2021, 44(2):195-204. (in Chinese)
[10]	PEUKER J M, KRIER H, GLUMAC N. Particle size and gas environment effects on blast and overpressure enhancement in aluminized explosives[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013, 34(2):2205-2212.
[11]	阚润哲, 聂建新, 郭学永, 等. 不同铝氧比CL-20基含铝炸药深水爆炸能量输出特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(5):1023-1031. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0227
	KAN R Z, NIE J X, GUO X Y, et al. Energyoutput characteristics of CL-20-based aluminized explosives with different Al/O ratios during deep-water explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(5):1023-1031. (in Chinese)
[12]	CUDZIO S, TRZCINSKI W A, PASZULA J, et al. Performance of magnesium, Mg-Al alloy and silicon in thermobaric explosives-a comparison to aluminium[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(11):1691-1697.
[13]	NICOLICH S M, CAPELLOS C, BALAS W A, etal. High-blast explosive compositions containing particulate metal: U.S. Patent 8, 168, 016[P].2012-05-01.
[14]	NEWMAN K E, RIFFE V, JONES S L, et al. Thermobaric explosives and compositions and articles of manufacture and methods regarding the same: US Patent 7 754 036 B1[P]. 2010-06-13.
[15]	李梅, 蒋建伟, 王昕. 复合装药空气中爆炸冲击波传播特性[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(2): 367-372.
	LI M, JIANG J W, WANG X. Shock wave propagation characteristics of double layer charge explosion in the air[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(2):367-372. (in Chinese)
[16]	MAIZ L, TRZCINSKI W A, SZALA M, et al. Studies of confined explosions of composite explosives and layered charges[J]. Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 2016, 13(4):957-977.
[17]	冯吉奎, 皮爱国, 刘源, 等. 爆炸驱动亚毫米级金属颗粒群的飞散特性[J]. 高压物理学报, 2019, 33(6):065104.
	FENG J K, PI A G, LIU Y, et al. Scattering characteristics of sub-millimeter metal particle group driven by explosion[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2019, 33(6): 065104. (in Chinese)
[18]	吴横, 金欣, 王闻宇, 等. 聚丙烯腈/硝酸钠纳米纤维膜的制备及其压电性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(3):26-32.
	WU H, JIN X, WANG W Y, et al. Preparation and piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile/sodium nitrate nanofiber membrane[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(3):26-32. (in Chinese)
[19]	王树山. 终点效应学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2019.
	WANG S S. Terminaleffects[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019. (in Chinese)
[20]	孙业斌, 惠君明. 军用混合炸药[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 1995.
	SUN Y B, HUI J M. Explosivematerials[M]. Beijing: Publication House of Ordnance Industry, 1995. (in Chinese)
[21]	MILLER P J. A reactive flow model with coupled reaction kinetics for detonation and combustion in non-ideal explosives[J]. MRS Online Proceedings Library, 1995, 418:413-418.
[22]	田少康, 李席, 刘波, 等. 一种RDX基温压炸药的JWL-Miller状态方程研究[J]. 含能材料, 2017, 25(3):226-231.
	TIAN S K, LI X, LIU B, et al. Study on JWL-Miller Equation of State of RDX-based Thermobaric Explosive[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2017, 25(3):226-231. (in Chinese)
[23]	黄菊, 王伯良, 仲倩, 等. 温压炸药能量输出结构的初步研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2012, 32(2):164-168.
	HUANG J, WANG B L, ZHONG Q, et al. A preliminary investigation on energy output structure of a thermobaric explosive[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2012, 32(2):164-168. (in Chinese)
[24]	岳军政. 含铝炸药能量释放规律及冲击波威力评估[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2017.
	YUE J Z. Energy release law and assessment on blast wave power of aluminized explosives[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)
[25]	XUE K, SHI X, ZENG J, et al. Explosion-driven interfacial instabilities of granular media[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2020, 32(8): 084104.