Afterburning Effect of Thermobaric Explosives in Confined Space

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0555

Abstract

Abstract:

The explosion of thermobaric explosive has a significant afterburning effect, and itsexplosion in a confined space has multiple destructive effects. However, the coupling effect of multiple damage elements due to afterburning effect and the quantitative analysis of the afterburning enhancement effect are not clear yet. The implosion test of thermobaric explosives and LiF instead of aluminium powder explosive under different dosages is carried out ina large enclosed building, and the temperature, shock wave overpressure, quasi-static pressure and oxygen concentration are tested. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of various damage elements under implosion conditions are analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of explosion damage elements are determined. The distribution characteristics of explosion damage elements in closed buildings and the influences of aluminium powder afterburning effect on temperature, shock wave overpressure, quasi-static pressure and oxygen concentration are clarified through the comparative test of LiF instead of aluminium powder explosion. The results show that the thermal effect and pressure impact of internal explosion in confined space are significantly enhanced at the corner boundary, and the total specific impulse at the boundary is increased by 2.2-2.5 times. The afterburning effect of aluminium powder can significantly improve the temperature, shock wave overpressure, quasi-static pressure and oxygen consumption.When the dosage reaches 300g, the aluminium powder afterburning leads to the explosion shock wave overpressure peak increased by 1.2 times, the temperature peak increased by 6.4 times, the quasi-static pressure increased by 2.2 times, and the oxygen concentration consumption increased by 2.8 times.

Key words: thermobaric explosive, internal explosion, afterburning effect, shock wave pressure, thermal effect, oxygen consumption

CLC Number:

TJ301

JIANG Xinli, ZHANG Guokai, HE Yong, YAO Jian, WANG Zhen, WU Yuxin, LIU Ju, WANG Mingyang. Afterburning Effect of Thermobaric Explosives in Confined Space[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2520-2530.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1 Data of test samples

工况编号	药量/g	铝粉/%	RDX/%
TBX-1	150	35	52
TBX-2	300
LIF-1	150	LiF替代铝粉	52
LIF-2	300

Fig.1 Test arrangement

Fig.2 Test physical arrangement

Fig.3 Main measuring equipment

Fig.4 Measured results of explosion temperatures of thermobaric explosives

Fig.5 Measured results of explosion temperatures of LIF explosives

Fig.6 Comparison of peak temperatures of thermobaric explosives and LIF explosives

Fig.7 Free field pressure-time curve of TBX-1

Fig.8 Pressure-time curves of TBX-2 and LIF-2 at 0.8m

Fig.9 Over pressure peak vs. proportional burst distance

Fig.10 Positive pressure time vs. proportional distance

Table 2 Whole processspecific impulse at 300g dosage

爆炸距离/m	全过程比冲量		增大倍数
爆炸距离/m	TBX-2	LIF-2	增大倍数
0.8	2575.50	1140.79	1.26
1.0	4432.71	1561.79	1.84
1.2	4980.22	1403.03	2.55
1.4	5163.14	1989.66	1.59
1.6	5932.21	1836.16	2.23

Fig.11 Comparison of quasi-static pressures of thermobaric explosive and LIF explosive

Fig.12 Variation curves of oxygen concentrations of thermobaric explosive and LIF explosive

References 43

[1]	胡宏伟, 宋浦, 邓国强, 等. 温压炸药的特性及发展现状[J]. 力学进展, 2022, 52(1): 53-78.
	HU H W, SONG P, DENG G Q, et al. Characteristics of thermobaric explosives and their advances[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2022, 52(1): 53-78. (in Chinese)
[2]	胡宏伟, 宋浦, 赵省向, 等. 有限空间内部爆炸研究进展[J]. 含能材料, 2013, 21(4): 539-546.
	HU H W, SONG P, ZHAO S X, et al. Progress in explosion in confined space[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2013, 21(4): 539-546. (in Chinese)
[3]	TRZCI$\acute{ \text { И }}$SKI W A, MAIZ L. Thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives-properties and testing methods[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2015, 40(5): 632-644.
[4]	KUHL A L, REICHENBACH H. Combustion effects in confined explosions[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009, 32(2): 2291-2298.
[5]	赵士达. 爆炸容器[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 1989, 9(1): 85-96.
	ZHAO S D. Explosive containers[J]. Explosion and shock waves, 1989, 9(1): 85-96. (in Chinese)
[6]	金朋刚, 郭炜, 王建灵, 等. 密闭条件下TNT的爆炸压力特性[J]. 火炸药学报, 2013, 36(3): 39-41.
	JIN P G, GUO W, WANG J L, et al. Explosion pressure characteristics of TNT under closed condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2013, 36(3):39-41. (in Chinese)
[7]	王鑫, 张连生, 张明明, 等. 密闭空间TNT内爆炸准静态压力研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2020, 41(5): 188-192.
	WANG X, ZHANG L S, ZHANG M M, et al. Study on quasi-static pressure of TNT internal explosionin confined spaces[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020, 41(5):188-192. (in Chinese)
[8]	李鸿宾, 金朋刚, 郭炜, 等. 炸药在密闭空间中爆炸超压测试与分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2013, 13(28): 8448-8451.
	LI H B, JIN P G, GUO W, et al. Overpressure test and analysis of TNT blast in confined chamber[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013, 13(28): 8448-8451. (in Chinese)
[9]	徐维铮, 吴卫国. 考虑后燃烧效应密闭空间内爆炸场数值计算研究[J]. 含能材料, 2019, 27(8): 661-670.
	XU W Z, WU W G. Study on numerical calculation of explosion field in closed space considering after-burning effects[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2019, 27(8):661-670. (in Chinese)
[10]	徐维铮, 吴卫国. 后燃烧效应对约束空间内爆炸载荷的影响规律[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2019, 14(1): 52-58.
	XU W Z, WU W G. Afterburning effect on blast load in confined space[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2019, 14(1): 52-58. (in Chinese)
[11]	岳学森, 周沪, 孔祥韶, 等. 舱室内爆载荷燃烧增强效应实验及仿真研究[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2023, 18(4): 223-232.
	YUE X S, ZHOU H, KONG X S, et al. Experimental and simulation study of afterburning effect for blast load in confined cabin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2023, 18(4): 223-232. (in Chinese)
[12]	孔祥韶, 况正, 郑成, 等. 舱室密闭空间中爆炸载荷燃烧增强效应试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(1): 75-85. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.01.009
	KONG X S, KUANG Z, ZHENG C, et al. Experimental study of afterburning enhancement effect for blast load in confined compartment space[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(1): 75-85. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.01.009
[13]	张玉磊, 李芝绒, 蒋海燕, 等. 温压炸药内爆炸压力特性及威力试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(7): 1333-1338. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.07.011
	ZHANG Y L, LI Z R, JIANG H Y, et al. Experimental study of the characteristics of internal explosion pressure and power of thermobaric explosive[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(7): 1333-1338. (in Chinese)
[14]	CARNEY J R, LIGHTSTONE J M, MCGRATH II T P, et al. Fuel-rich explosive energy release: oxidizer concentration dependence[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2009, 34(4): 331-339.
[15]	MANNER V W, PEMBERTON S J, GUNDERSON J A, et al. The role of aluminum in the detonation and post-detonation expansion of selected cast HMX-based explosives[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2012, 37(2): 198-206.
[16]	GOGULYA M F, BRAZHNIKOV M A. Pressure and temperature of the detonation products of explosive materials containing aluminum of various dispersities[J]. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010, 4(5): 773-787.
[17]	MAIZ L, TRZCI$\acute{ \text { И }}$SKI W A, PASZULA J. Investigation of fireball temperatures in confined thermobaric explosions[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2017, 42(2): 142-148.
[18]	MAIZ L, TRZCI$\acute{ \text { И }}$SKI W A, PASZULA J. Optical spectroscopy to study confined and semi-closed explosions of homogeneous and composite charges[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017, 88: 111-119.
[19]	FEDINA E, FUREBY C. Analysis of heat-release during TNT/aluminum afterburning by means of numerical simulations[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017, 36(2): 2841-2848.
[20]	郑朝民, 严蕊, 刘志伟, 等. 温压炸药耗氧效应的实验研究[J]. 火炸药学报, 2014, 37(5): 33-36.
	ZHENG CM, YAN R, LIU ZW, et al. Experimental study on oxygen consumption effect of thermo-baric explosives[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2014, 37(5):33-36. (in Chinese)
[21]	胡岚, 严蕊, 熊贤锋, 等. 耗氧效应对温压战斗部及装药的毁伤评估[J]. 含能材料, 2015, 23(2): 163-167.
	HU L, YAN R, XIONG X F, et al. Damage assessment of thermo-baric warhead and charge with oxygen consumption effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2015, 23(2):163-167. (in Chinese)
[22]	严家佳, 金朋刚, 李鸿宾, 等. 有限空间中温压炸药后燃烧效应的试验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2015, 15(17): 154-157, 163.
	YAN J J, JIN P G, LI H B, et al. Experiment investigation of thermobaric explosive afterburn effect in finite space[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2015, 15(17): 154-157, 163. (in Chinese)
[23]	FAN X, ZHANG L S, WANG X. Study on theoretical calculation of quasi-static pressure for aluminized explosive in confined space[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 1721: 012023.
[24]	李芝绒, 王胜强, 蒋海燕, 等. 圆筒装置内爆炸压力载荷特性实验研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(10): 102202.
	LI Z R, WANG S Q, JIANG H Y, et al. Experimental studies on characteristics of explosion pressure loading cylinder apparatus.[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(10): 102202. (in Chinese)
[25]	闫潇敏, 苏健军, 李芝绒, 等. 坑道内温压炸药的爆炸热效应研究[J]. 火工品, 2015(1): 22-25.
	YAN X M, SU J J, LI Z R, et al. Experimental study on explosive thermal effect of thermal-baric explosives in tunnel[J]. Initiators and Pyrotechnics, 2015(1):22-25. (in Chinese)
[26]	李凌峰, 韩秀凤, 沈飞, 等. 典型约束环境下HMX基温压炸药内爆释能特性[J]. 火工品, 2022(2): 48-53.
	LI L F, HAN X F, SHEN F, et al. Internal explosion energy release characteristics of HMX-based thermobaric explosive in typical confined environment[J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2022(2): 48-53. (in Chinese)
[27]	王代华, 宋林丽, 张志杰. 基于钨铼热电偶的接触式爆炸温度测试方法[J]. 探测与控制学报, 2012, 34(3): 23-28.
	WANG D H, SONG L L, ZHANG Z J. Contact measuring method of explosion temperature based on tungsten-rhenium thermocouple[J]. Journal of Detection & Control, 2012, 34(3): 23-28. (in Chinese)
[28]	徐雯, 修吉平, 肖建中. 氧化锆氧传感器浓差电势的测试研究[J]. 仪表技术与传感器, 2013(8): 1-4, 7.
	XU W, XIU J P, XIAO J Z. Experimental study on concentration potential of zirconia oxygen sensor[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor, 2013(08):1-4, 7. (in Chinese)
[29]	BAKER W E, COX P A, WESTINE P S, et al. Explosion hazards and evaluation[M]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1983.
[30]	郑勇杰, 苏健军, 姬建荣, 等. TNT爆炸温度场热作用规律实验研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2023, 44(6): 103-107, 147.
	ZHEN Y J, SU J J, JI J R, et al. Experimental study on the thermal action law of TNT explosion temperature field[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2023, 44(6): 103-107, 147. (in Chinese)
[31]	GOGULYA M F, MAKHOV M N, DOLGOBORODOV A Y, et al. Mechanical sensitivity and detonation parameters of aluminized explosives[J]. Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves, 2004, 40(4): 445-457.
[32]	ZHANG F, GERRARD K, RIPLEY R C. Reaction mechanism of aluminum particle air detonation[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2009, 25(4): 845-858.
[33]	陈昊, 陶钢. 温压弹在有限空间内爆炸的超压测试和分析[J]. 爆破器材, 2009, 38(5): 4-7.
	CHEN H, TAO G. The test and analysis on overpressure generated by thermo-baric grenade explosion in limited space[J]. Explosive Materials, 2009, 38(5):4-7. (in Chinese)
[34]	李根. 温压炸药后燃反应实验和数值模拟研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2021.
	LI G. Experimental and numerical researches on the afterburning of thermobaric explosives[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2021. (in Chinese)
[35]	奥尔连科Л П. 爆炸物理学[M]. 孙承纬,译. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.
	ОРЛЕНКО Л П. Explosionphysics[M]. SUN C W,translated. Beijing: Science Press, 2011. (in Chinese)
[36]	裴明敬, 胡华权, 张景森, 等. 含铝温压炸药及其爆炸效能研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2009, 11(4): 67-75.
	PEI M J, HU H Q, ZHANG J S, et al. Study on efficiency of aluminized thermobaric explosive[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2009, 11(4): 67-75. (in Chinese)
[37]	JIANG C, LU G, MAO L, et al. Effects of aluminum content on the energy output characteristics of CL-20-based aluminized explosives in a closed vessel[J]. Shock Waves, 2021, 31(2): 141-151.
[38]	丁阳, 陈晔, 师燕超. 室内爆炸超压荷载简化模型[J]. 工程力学, 2015, 32(3): 119-125, 133.
	DING Y, CHEN Y, SHI Y C. Simplified model of overpressure loading caused by internal blast[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2015, 32(3): 119-125, 133. (in Chinese)
[39]	QIN Y Z, WANG Y, WANG Z, et al. Investigation on similarity laws of cabin structure under internal blast loading[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 260: 111998.
[40]	刘博文, 龙仁荣, 张庆明, 等. 舱内爆炸角隅汇聚反射冲击波超压特性研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2023, 43(1): 35-51.
	LIU B W, LONG R R, ZHANG Q M, et al. Study on the corner overpressure characteristics of concentrated reflected shock wave due to internal blast in cabin[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2023, 43(1): 35-51. (in Chinese)
[41]	张玉磊, 苏健军, 李芝绒, 等. TNT内爆炸准静态压力特性[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(6): 1429-1434.
	ZHANG Y L, SU J J, LI Z R, et al. Quasi-static pressure characteristic of TNT's internal explosion[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(6): 1429-1434. (in Chinese)
[42]	高志强, 肖立, 高新华, 等. 氧化锆测氧原理及维护使用[J]. 传感器世界, 2006(3): 21-24.
	GAO Z Q, XIAO L, GAO X H, et al. The oxygen-measured principle, maintenance and application of zirconia Sensor[J]. Sensors World, 2006(3): 21-24. (in Chinese)
[43]	王启文. 缺氧危险作业安全措施[J]. 现代职业安全, 2008(1): 97-99.
	WANG Q W. Safety measures for hazardous work in hypoxia[J]. Modern occupational safety, 2008(1): 97-99. (in Chinese)