Effect of Aluminum Powder Combustion on the Underwater Explosion Load Characteristics of CL-20-based Mixed Explosives

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0128

Abstract

Abstract:

The energy supply mechanism of aluminum powders of the aluminized explosives on the underwater explosion load in the long-time sequence combustion process is studied.The comparison experiments of underwater explosions of aluminized explosives and lithium fluoride-containing explosives are made based on the underwater explosion tank.The influence of aluminum powder combustion on the shock wave and bubble load is analyzed.The results show that the combustion of aluminium powders in CL-20-based mixed explosives releases a large amount of energy,increases the peak shock wave pressure and shock wave energy,and reduces the decay rate of the shock wave.Compared with lithium fluoride-containing explosives,the aluminium powder in CL-20-based aluminized explosives has a higher flame brightness due to its afterburning reaction during explosion,and the afterburning reaction time of the aluminium powder is more than 1ms.The combustion of aluminium powder can increase the maximum radius of the bubble,bubble pulsation period and bubble energy.The maximum bubble radius of CL-20-based aluminized explosives is 11.89% higher than that of CL-20-based lithium fluoride-containing explosives,and the first bubble pulsation period is increased by 25.74%.CL-20-based aluminized explosive reaches its maximum radius with a delay of 5.20ms compared to CL-20-based lithium fluoride-containing explosives.In addition,the rate of change of the bubble pulsation radius of aluminized explosives is higher than that of lithium fluoride-containing explosives due to the continuous energy supply of aluminum powder at the bubble pulsation stage.Moreover,the contraction rate of bubble is reduced,and the duration of the contraction phase of bubble is increased.It is shown that the bubble pulsation process of aluminized explosives has “asymmetry” in time.

Key words: CL-20-based mixed explosives, underwater explosion, aluminum powder combustion, lithium fluoride-containing explosives, shock wave, bubble

CLC Number:

TJ55

LIU Zheng, NIE Jianxin, KAN Runzhe, YANG Jinxiang, TAN Yanwei, GUO Xueyong, YAN Shi. Effect of Aluminum Powder Combustion on the Underwater Explosion Load Characteristics of CL-20-based Mixed Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240128-.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Composition of the experimental samples

样品编号	质量分数/%				尺寸/ mm	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	质量/ g	D₅₀/ μm
样品编号	CL-20	铝	氟化锂	粘结剂	尺寸/ mm	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	质量/ g	D₅₀/ μm
C-Ⅰ	70	24	0	6	ϕ20× 24±0.5	1.93	15	2
C-Ⅱ	70	0	24	6	ϕ20× 24±0.5	1.93	15	2

Fig.1 Samples and assembly method

Fig.2 Underwater explosive experimental device

Fig.3 Typical pressure-time curve for underwater explosion

Table 2 Experimental results

样品编号	R/ m	Δp/ MPa	E_s/ (MJ·kg^-1)	t_b/ ms	E_b/ (MJ·kg^-1)	E_t/ (MJ·kg^-1)
C-Ⅰ	0.6	17.77	1.59	78.17	4.44	6.03
C-Ⅰ	1.2	8.89	1.38	78.12	4.43	5.81
C-Ⅱ	0.6	15.24	1.06	62.17	2.23	3.29
C-Ⅱ	1.2	7.86	0.94	62.17	2.24	3.18

Fig.4 Shockwave pressure-time curve

Fig.5 Shockwave pressure decay fitting curve

Fig.6 bubble pulsation pressure-time curve

Fig.7 Total energy and energy structure of an underwater explosion

Fig.8 Pulsation processes of bubbles of CL-20-based aluminized explosives(left) and CL-20-based lithium fluoride-containing explosives(right)

Fig.9 r-t curve of bubble pulsation

Fig.10 Rate of change of bubble pulsation radius

Table 3 Maximum radius of underwater explosion and corresponding moment

样品编号	最大半径/mm	最大半径对应时刻/ms
C-Ⅰ	419.15	35.20
C-Ⅱ	374.60	29.80

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