Energy Output Characteristics of CL-20-based Aluminized Explosives with Different Al/O Ratios during Deep-water Explosion

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0227

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the energy output characteristics of CL-20-based aluminized explosives in the high hydrostatic environment unique to deep-water explosion. A deep-water explosion pressure tank is used to simulate a 500-meter deep-water environment，and six groups of CL-20-based aluminized explosives with different Al/O ratios are used for deep-water explosion experiments.The energy output law and energy output structure of explosiveduring deep-water explosion under high hydrostatic pressure are analyzed through the experimental data. The experimental results show that the peak pressure of shock wave，specific shock wave energy，specific bubble energy and mechanical energy of deep-water explosion climb up and then decline with the increase in Al/O ratio，and the peak pressure of shock wave conforms to the similarity relationship. When the Al/O ratio is between 0.24 and 0.88，both the lost energy and its rate of increase with the test distance increase first and then decrease，reaching the peak value at 0.67 and 0.46，respectively. Therefore，the utilization efficiency of far-field energy of deep-water explosion can be measured by changing the Al/O ratio. In addition，the energy utilization rate of deep-water explosion continues to decrease with the increase in Al/O ratio，and the mechanical energy remains high between 0.46-0.67. By adjusting the Al/O ratio，the energy output ratio of specific shock wave energy and specific bubble energy can be changed on the premise of maintaining high mechanical energy of deep water explosion.

Key words: CL-20-basedaluminizedexplosive, deep-waterexplosion, Al/Oratio, energyoutput

CLC Number:

TJ55

KAN Runzhe， NIE Jianxin， GUO Xueyong， YAN Shi， JIAO Qingjie， ZHANG Tao. Energy Output Characteristics of CL-20-based Aluminized Explosives with Different Al/O Ratios during Deep-water Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(5): 1023-1031.

References

［1］ COLE R H，WELLER R.Underwater explosions［J］. Physics Today，1948，1(6):35.
［2］ SLIFKO J F.Pressure-pulse characteristic of deep water explosions as functions of depth and range. MOL TR 67-87［R］.White Oak，MD，US:Naval Ordnance Laboratory，1967.
［3］马坤，初哲，王可慧，等.小当量炸药深水爆炸气泡脉动模拟实验［J］.爆炸与冲击，2015，35(3):320-325.
MA K，CHU Z，WANG K H，et al.Experimental research on bubble pulse of small scale charge exploded under simulated deep water［J］.Explosion and Shock Waves，2015，35(3): 320-325. (in Chinese)
［4］ XIAO P，YANG K D.Experimental results for peak pressure and sound exposure level in deep-sea explosions［J］. Acoustics Australia，2015，43(2):175-178.
［5］梁浩哲，张庆明，杨莉.刚性壁面附近深水爆炸气泡射流特性数值模拟［J］.兵工学报，2017，38(增刊1): 130-135.
LIANG H Z，ZHANG Q M，YANG L.Numerical investigation of jet characteristics of deepwater explosion bubbles near a rigid boundary［J］. Acta Armamentarii，2017，38(S1):130-135. (in Chinese)
［6］王长利，周刚，冯娜，等.水深对毁伤效应的影响实验研究［J］.中国测试，2018，44(10):89-95.
WANG C L，ZHUO G，FENG N，et al.Experimental research on influence of depth on damage effect［J］.China Measurement & Test，Technology，2018，44(10):89-95. (in Chinese)
［7］ LIANG H Z，ZHANG Q M，LONG R R，et al. Pulsation behavior of a bubble generated by a deep underwater explosion［J］. AIP Advances，2019，9(2): 025108.
［8］杨斐，罗一鸣，王建灵，等.铝氧比对DNTF/AP/Al炸药水下能量输出结构的影响［J］.火炸药学报，2015，38(2):54-57.
YANG F，LUO Y M，WANG J L，et al. Effect of Al/O ratio on the underwater energy output configuration of DNTF/AP/Al Explosives［J］.Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants，2015，8(2):54-57. (in Chinese)
［9］ ZHAO Q，NIE J X，ZHANG W，et al. Effect of the Al/O ratio on the Al reaction of aluminized RDX-based explosives［J］.Chinese Physics B，2017，26(5):259-264.
［10］ XIANG D L，RONG J L，LI J.Effect of Al/O ratio on the detonation performance and underwater explosion of HMX-based aluminized explosives［J］.Propellants，Explosives，Pyrotechnics，2014，39(1):65-73.
［11］ XIANG D L，RONG J L，HE X，et al. Underwater explosion performance of RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives［J］.Central European Journal of Energetic Materials，2017，14(1): 60-76.
［12］ XIAO F，GAO W，LI J，et al. Effect of the aluminum particle size，solid content，and aluminum/oxygen ratio on the underwater explosion performance of aluminum-based explosives［J］.Combustion，Explosion，and Shock Waves，2020，56(5):576-584.
［13］ FENG S，RAO G N，PENG J H. Experimental study and numerical simulation of CL-20-based aluminized explosive in underwater explosion［J］.Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials，2018，26(8):686-695.
［14］冯凇，饶国宁，彭金华，等.CL-20基炸药水中爆炸气泡脉动实验研究［J］爆炸与冲击，2018，38(4):855-862.
FENG S，RAO G N，PENG J H，et al.Experimental study of bubble pulsation by underwater explosion of CL-20-based explosives［J］.Explosion and Shock Waves，2018，38(4):855-862. (in Chinese)
［15］王秋实，聂建新，焦清介，等.不同铝氧比六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷基含铝炸药水下爆炸实验研究［J］.兵工学报，2016，37(增刊2): 23-28.
WANG Q S，NIE J X，JIAO Q J，et al. Experimental research on underwater explosion of CL-20-based aluminized explosives with different Al/O ratios［J］.Acta Armamentarii，2016，37(S2):23- 28. (in Chinese)
［16］孙晓乐，万力伦，杨琢钧，等.铝氧比对CL-20基含铝炸药水下能量输出结构的影响［J］.兵工自动化，2020，39(7): 76-78.
SUN X L，WAN L L，YANG Z J，et al. Influence of Al/O on underwater energy output structure of CL-20-based aluminized explosives［J］. Ordnance Industry Automation，2020，39(7):76- 78. (in Chinese)
［17］胡宏伟，严家佳，陈朗，等.铝粉含量和粒度对CL-20含铝炸药水下爆炸反应特性的影响［J］.爆炸与冲击，2017，37(1):157-161.
HU H W，YAN J J，CHEN L，et al. Effect of aluminum powder content and its particle size on reaction characteristics for underwater explosion of CL-20-based explosives containing aluminum［J］.Explosion and Shock Waves，2017，37(1):157-161. (in Chinese)
［18］ HU H W，CHEN L，YAN J J，et al. Effect of aluminum powder on underwater explosion performance of CL-20 based explosives［J］.Propellants，Explosives，Pyrotechnics，2019，44(7): 837-843.
［19］ JIAO Q J，WANG Q S，NIE J X，et al.The effect of explosive percentage on underwater explosion energy release of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and octogen based aluminized explosives［J］.AIP Advances，2018，8(3):035013.
［20］ SWISDAK M M. Explosion effects and properties. Part II. Explosion effects in water［R］.Silver Spring，MD，US: Naval Surface Weapons Center，1978.
［21］荣吉利，赵自通，冯志伟，等.黑索今基含铝炸药水下爆炸性能的实验研究［J］兵工学报，2019，40(11): 2177-2183.
RONG J L，ZHAO Z T，FENG Z W，et al. Experimental study of underwater explosion performance of RDX-based aluminized explosive［J］.Acta Armamentarii，2019，40(11):2177-2183. (in Chinese)
［22］王秋实. CL-20基复合炸药爆炸能量释放规律研究［D］.北京: 北京理工大学，2019.
WANG Q S. Research on explosive energy release regularity of CL-20 based composite explosive［D］.Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology，2019. (in Chinese)

[1]	ZHOU Lin, NI Lei, LI Dongwei, ZHANG Xiangrong, LIU Haiqing, JIANG Tao, ZHU Yingzhong. Test Method for Anti-overload Performance of Explosives [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 0, (): 0-0.
[2]	LI Shurui， DUAN Zhuoping， BAI Zhiling， ZHANG Xu， HUANG Fenglei. Shock Initiation Characteristics of DNAN-based Aluminized Melt-cast Explosive [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(6): 1288-1294.
[3]	QIN Jian， CHI Dianpeng， YANG Li， HAN Jimin， TONG Wenchao. Influence of Aperture of MOFs Material on the In-situ Synthesis of Copper Azide-carbon Composite Primary Explosives [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(6): 1295-1303.
[4]	TAO Lei, LIU Jianhua, XIA Huanxiong, AO Xiaohui, GAO Feng. Temperature Field Prediction of Melt-cast Explosive Based on A B-spline Neural Network [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 0, (): 0-0.
[5]	WANG Jingcheng, LI Xiaogang, YE Yaokun, DING Feng, XIONG Shihui, WEN Yuquan. Model Formulation and influencing factors for a Separation Nut Considering the Combustion of Multiple Pyrotechnic Charges [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 0, (): 0-0.
[6]	NIE Zhengyuan, XIAO Jianguang, WANG Yanxin, XIE Zhiyuan. Mechanical Properties and Ignition Reaction Characteristics of THV-based Reactive Materials [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 0, (): 0-0.
[7]	YUAN Jianwen， QI Xuan， DONG Cheng， YI Zhenxin， ZHANG Lin， ZHU Shunguan. Characteristics of 5-aminotrazole/sodium Periodate Low-temperature Gas-generating Agents [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(4): 788-795.
[8]	BAO Lingxiang, YAN Zhiyuan, SONG Jianwei, WEI Gaixia, SUN Chenghui, PANG Siping. Pd(OH)₂/CeO₂ Catalyst for Hydrogenolytic Debenzylation Reaction of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane and Tetraacetyl-dibenzyl-hexaazaisowurtzitane [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(3): 524-532.
[9]	DUAN Zhuoping， BAI Zhiling， BAI Mengjing， HUANG Fenglei. Burning-crack Networks Model for Combustion Reaction Growth of Solid Explosives with Strong Confinement [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(11): 2291-2299.
[10]	ZHANG Haijun， NIE Jianxin， WANG Ling， WANG Dong， GUO Xueyong， YAN Shi. Numerical Simulation on Size Effect of Hydroxyl Terminated Polyether Propellant Engine during Slow Cook-off [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(9): 1858-1866.
[11]	CHEN Chunyan， WANG Xiaofeng， NAN Hai. Curing Reaction Kinetics and Process of PBX-based ATP [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(9): 1888-1894.
[12]	FENG Xiaojun， XUE Lexing， FENG Bo， PAN Wen. Preparation of HMX/Al Composite Particles with “Surface Embedded and Inner Coated” Microstructure bySpray Coating and Its Applied Performance [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(8): 1631-1637.
[13]	HUO Junda, YAN Zhenzhan, LU Yuewen, HAN Jimin, YANG Li. Preparation of Porous Polyacrylate and Its Catalysis on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(6): 1215-1222.
[14]	DING Kai, WANG Xinjie, HUANG Hengjian, WU Yanqing, HUANG Fenglei. Numerical Calculation of Thermodynamic Response of Shocked HMX Single Crystal at Elevated Temperatures [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(5): 968-978.
[15]	LIU Jihua， ZHAO Hongli， HE Changhui， JIN Jianwei， ZHANG Zouzou, WANG Qionglin, ZHAO Baoming. Analysis Method for Elastic Modulus of Typical Gun-propellant under Impact Loading [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(2): 289-296.