基于纤维混杂的防弹防刺材料结构设计与优化

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

反恐处突人员在处理城市暴力恐袭事件时需要同时应对刀刺及枪击的威胁,单一防护功能的防护服难以保障生命安全。根据防弹和防刺机理,将防弹和防刺材料进行组合设计可达到多功能的防护效果。目前基于组合材料的双防服研制方法主要为实验试错,设计效率低下,成本较高。针对这一问题,提出一种基于能量吸收准则的纤维混杂防弹防刺结构理论设计与优化方法,开展单一防护材料即浸胶芳纶布和超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra high molecular weight Polyethylene,PE)无纬布的弹道实验和动态穿刺实验,计算单一材料的弹道动能吸收和穿刺动能吸收。基于能量守恒定律,设计给定8500g/m²面密度下的防弹防刺组合结构,得到防弹与防刺材料的层数范围。经过弹道及动态穿刺实验验证,理论计算安全余量充足,11层浸胶芳纶布加18层PE无纬布组合满足公安部《GA68—2019警用防刺服》及警用三级防弹要求且最为轻便,面密度8390g/m²。对防弹防刺结构进行优化设计,得到面密度为8370g/m²的最轻量组合结构(9层浸胶芳纶布加21层PE无纬布),研究成果可为双防服的工程设计与创新应用提供参考。

关键词: 防弹服, 防刺服, 浸胶芳纶布, 超高分子量聚乙烯, 结构设计

Abstract:

Counter-terrorism personnel need to address both stabbing and shooting threats when dealing with urban violent terrorist attack.Single-function protective gear is insufficient to ensure life safety.A multifunctional protective effect can be achieved by combining the bulletproof and stab-resistant materials based on their protective mechanisms.Currently,the development of dual-protection suits based on composite materials primarily relies on trial and error in experiments,resulting in low design efficiency and high costs.To address this issue,a theoretical design and optimization method is proposed for fiber-mixed bulletproof and stab-proof structures based on energy absorption criteria.Ballistic experiment and dynamic puncture test are conducted using single protective materials,namely resin-coated aramid fabric and unidirectional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(PE)fabric.The ballistic and puncture kinetic energy absorptions of single material are calculated.Based on the law of energy conservation,a combined bulletproof and stab-proof structure with a given areal density of 8500g/m² is designed,and the range of layers for bulletproof and stab-proof materials is determined,After validation through ballistic and dynamic puncture experiments,the theoretical calculations demonstrate sufficient safety margins,The combination of 11 layers of resin-coated aramid fabric and 18 layers of unidirectional PE fabric meets the requirements of GA68-2019 Police Stab-resistant Clothing and police level III bulletproof standards while being the lightest with an areal density of 8390g/m².The bulletproof and stab-proof structure is optimized to achieve the lightest combination structure with an areal density of 8370g/m²,consisting of 9 layers of resin-coated aramid fabric and 21 layers of unidirectional PE fabric.These research findings can provide reference for the engineering design and innovative application of dual-protection suits.

Key words: bullet-proof vest, stab-resistant body armor, resin-coated aramid fabric, UHMWPE, structural design

中图分类号:

马潮禾, 刘鹏, 陈婧, 周宏元, 黄广炎, 张宏. 基于纤维混杂的防弹防刺材料结构设计与优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231164-.

MA Chaohe, LIU Peng, CHEN Jing, ZHOU Hongyuan, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Design and Optimization of Bulletproof and Stab-resistant Structure Based on Mixed Fabrics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231164-.

图/表 14

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类型	材料	单层面密度/ (g·m^-2)	硬度(邵氏硬度计LX-C)	图片
防弹材料	科博PE布	240	75
防刺材料	浸胶芳纶布	370	84

类型	材料	单层面密度/ (g·m^-2)	硬度(邵氏硬度计LX-C)	图片
防弹材料	科博PE布	240	75
防刺材料	浸胶芳纶布	370	84

试样	总层数	总面密度/ (g·m^-2)	平均穿透层数/层	防刺平均单层吸能/J
浸胶芳纶布试样1	23	8510	16	1.5
浸胶芳纶布试样2	18	6660	16	1.5
科博PE布试样1	36	8640	全穿
科博PE布试样2	59	14160	43	0.558

试样	总层数	总面密度/ (g·m^-2)	平均穿透层数/层	防刺平均单层吸能/J
浸胶芳纶布试样1	23	8510	16	1.5
浸胶芳纶布试样2	18	6660	16	1.5
科博PE布试样1	36	8640	全穿
科博PE布试样2	59	14160	43	0.558

试样	总层数k/层	总面密度/ (g·m^-2)	试样穿透情况	弹头速度v/ (m·s^-1)	胶泥凹陷深度h/ mm	穿透层数n	防弹单层材料吸能Q₁,Q₂/J
科博PE布试样1	36	8640	未完全穿透	510	12.6	5	19.91
				520	12.1	7	20.75
				515	12.3	5	20.33
				523	12.4	6	20.97
科博PE布试样2	40	9600	未完全穿透	520	7.2	5	18.87
				508	6.3	5	18.02
				514	6.2	6	18.46
				517	9.3	5	18.59
浸胶芳纶布试样1	23	8510	完全穿透
浸胶芳纶布试样2	46	17020	未完全穿透	520	7.2	5	18.87
				518	9.4	31	24.08
				512	6.2	27	27.13
				507	6.1	30	23.94
				510	6.3	31	23.44
浸胶芳纶布试样3	52	19240	未完全穿透	523	5.3	26	29.42
				515	6.3	27	27.45
				506	5.4	26	27.53
				514	6.2	31	23.81