三层组合陶瓷复合装甲的抗侵彻性能及其损伤机制

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0319

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究相同面密度下Kevlar/SiC-TC4-超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合靶板的复合结构参数对其抗弹性能的影响和失效机理,选用4组不同厚度组合的靶板试样,并使用12.7mm穿燃弹以相同着靶速度(488m/s)进行弹道冲击实验。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究复合装甲板在弹道侵彻下的损伤模式。实验结果表明:在所述实验条件下8mm+2mm+10mm厚度组合的Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE复合靶板是最佳的抗侵彻工程应用结构;在同等面密度条件下,将 1mm 厚陶瓷替换成同等面密度的TC4钛合金背板(约0.5mm厚)时,复合装甲板的抗弹道侵彻性能提升了约29.69%,可见钛合金的结构参数对复合装甲板抗弹性能的影响权重大于SiC;钛合金背板面密度的增加不仅增强了对陶瓷的支撑作用,而且增加了弹-靶作用时间,提升了复合靶板的整体防护性能;12.7mm穿燃弹侵彻后复合装甲板的损伤模式包括SiC碎裂、钛合金背板少量隆起变形及十字形拉伸撕裂损伤、UHMWPE层合纤维背板剪切断裂、层间分离和纤维拉伸;在整体复合装甲的设计中,应将高抗剪材料放置在背板的前几层,将高抗拉材料放置在背板后几层,以充分利用每种材料。

关键词: 陶瓷复合装甲, 抗弹性能, 损伤机制, 超高分子量聚乙烯, 12.7mm穿燃弹

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of composite structural parameters of Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE composite target plates with the same areal density on their anti-ballistic performances and their failure mechanisms,the samples of four different thickness combinations of target plates were selected,and the ballistic impact tests were conducted using 12.7mm armor-piercing incendiary (API) projectiles at the same impact velocity (488m/s). A scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to study the damage mode of composite armor plate under ballistic penetration. The experimental results show that the Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE composite target plate with a thickness combination of 8mm+2mm+10mm under the described experimental conditions is the best structure for anti-penetration engineering. The anti-ballistic performance of the composite armor plate is improved by about 29.69% under the same areal density conditions when 1mm thick ceramic is replaced by a TC4 titanium alloy back plate (about 0.5mm thick) with the same areal density. This indicates that the structural parameters of titanium alloy have a greater impact on the anti-ballistic performance of the composite armor plate than those of SiC. In addition, the surface density of titanium alloy backplate is increased not only to enhance its support for ceramics, but also increase the time for projectile-target interaction, thus improving the overall protection performance of composite target plate. The damage mode of the composite armor plate after being penetrated by a 12.7mm API projectile includes SiC fragmentation, the small uplift deformation, “cross” stretching and tearing damage of titanium alloy back plate, and the shear fracture, interlayer separation and fiber stretching of UHMWPE composite fiber back plate. In the design of the overall composite armor, the high-shear resistant materials should be placed in the front layers of the back plate, while the high-tensile resistant materials should be placed in the back layers of the back plate in order to fully utilize each material.

Key words: ceramic composite armor, bullet-proof performance, damage mechanism, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, armour-piercing incendiary cartridge

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

余毅磊, 王晓东, 任文科, 高光发. 三层组合陶瓷复合装甲的抗侵彻性能及其损伤机制[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 44-57.

YU Yilei, WANG Xiaodong, REN Wenke, GAO Guangfa. Anti-penetration Performance and Damage Mechanism of Three-layer Composite Ceramic Armor[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 44-57.

图/表 20

表1 实验用SiC陶瓷、TC4钛合金板及T12A钢的力学性能参数

Table 1 Properties of SiC ceramics, TC4 titanium alloy plates and T12A for testing

材料	弹性模量/GPa	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	泊松比	屈服强度/MPa	硬度	断裂韧性/ (MPa·m^1/2)
SiC陶瓷	3196	3150	0.16		9.5^*	3.4
TC4钛合金	106.1	4530	0.33	1040	30
T12A钢	197	7830	0.30	3544	58^#

表2 UHMWPE复合材料层压板的力学性能参数[22]

Table 2 Properties of UHMWPE laminated composite[22]

E₁₁/ GPa	E₂₂/ GPa	E₃₃/ GPa	ν₁₂	ν₁₃	ν₂₃	G₁₁/ GPa	G₂₂/ GPa	G₃₃/ GPa
153	11.3	11.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	6	6	3.6
X_T/ MPa	X_C/ MPa	Y_T/ MPa	Y_C/ MPa	S_T/ MPa	S_C/ MPa	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)
2357	1580	130	650	340	180	0.96

表3 实验用Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE复合靶板的结构及参数

Table 3 Specifications of Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE composite target plate fortest

实验编号	Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE复合靶板配置			复合靶板总厚度/ mm	面密度/(kg·m^-2)
实验编号	SiC陶瓷厚度/mm	TC4钛合金板厚度/mm	UHMWPE纤维板厚度/mm	复合靶板总厚度/ mm	面密度/(kg·m^-2)
1	11±0.20		10±0.20	21.31±0.01	44.58
2	11±0.20		10±0.20	21.57±0.01	44.32
3	10.00±0.20	1.00±0.10	10.00±0.20	21.12±0.01	45.24
4	10.00±0.20	1.00±0.10	10.00±0.20	22.01±0.01	44.95
5	9.00±0.20	1.50±0.10	10.00±0.20	20.96±0.01	44.31
6	9.00±0.20	1.50±0.10	10.00±0.20	21.03±0.01	44.69
7	8.00±0.20	2.00±0.10	10.00±0.20	20.84±0.01	44.75
8	8.00±0.20	2.00±0.10	10.00±0.20	20.95±0.01	43.32

图1 实验路线示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of test route

表4 弹丸侵彻速度和Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE复合靶板弹道测试结果

Table 4 Projectile penetration velocity and ballistic test results of Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE composite target plate

实验编号	靶板规格	v₀/(m·s^-1)	H/mm	d/mm	t/mm	毁伤状况
1	11Kevlar/SiC-10UHMWPE	499.3	87.32	108.32		CP
2	11Kevlar/SiC-10UHMWPE	495.7	85.18	104.68	1.5	CP
3	10Kevlar/SiC-1TC4-10*UHMWPE	520.2	78.05	96.65	2.4	CP
4	10Kevlar/SiC-1TC4-10*UHMWPE	500.9	73.19	92.19	2.0	CP
5	9Kevlar/SiC-1.5TC4-10*UHMWPE	495.5	62.35	80.05	2.8	CP
6	9Kevlar/SiC-1.5TC4-10*UHMWPE	480.9	57.53	75.03	3.0	CP
7	8Kevlar/SiC-2TC4-10*UHMWPE	505.4	49.76	66.16	3.6	CP
8	8Kevlar/SiC-2TC4-10*UHMWPE	493.0	46.28	62.48	3.8	CP

图2 最大侵彻深度和剩余靶板厚度测量示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of measuring maximum penetration depth and residual target plate thickness

图3 弹芯碎块的多尺度损伤形貌

Fig.3 Multiscale damage morphologies of projectile core fragments

图4 弹芯碎块累计质量分布

Fig.4 Mass distribution of projectile core fragments

图5 >4.0mm弹芯碎块质量及碎块数量

Fig.5 Quality and quantity of fragments of >4.0mm projectile core

图6 陶瓷面板破坏形貌

Fig.6 Damage morphologies of ceramic panels

图7 陶瓷锥形成具体过程示意图

Fig.7 Forming process of ceramic cone

表5 陶瓷半锥角及径向裂纹数理统计结果

Table 5 Mathematical statistical results of half-cone angle and radial cracks of ceramic

序号	D_t/ mm	D_b/ mm	陶瓷半锥角			径向裂纹数
序号	D_t/ mm	D_b/ mm	样本数量	样本均值 $θ ¯$ / (°)	测量不确定度 max{\| $θ ¯$ -θ\|}/ (°)	径向裂纹数
1	25.26	109.98	7	69.54	2.19	13
2	25.71	110.12	9	69.83	2.62	15
3	25.73	110.81	10	70.18	3.16	10
4	25.62	108.51	11	71.26	2.78	12
5	24.39	110.26	7	74.89	1.24	11
6	25.81	103.17	7	72.14	1.68	9
7	24.27	103.85	6	78.31	3.41	7
8	25.98	107.18	8	77.43	3.15	8

表5 陶瓷半锥角及径向裂纹数理统计结果

Table 5 Mathematical statistical results of half-cone angle and radial cracks of ceramic

序号	D_t/ mm	D_b/ mm	陶瓷半锥角			径向裂纹数
序号	D_t/ mm	D_b/ mm	样本数量	样本均值 $θ ¯$ / (°)	测量不确定度 max{\| $θ ¯$ -θ\|}/ (°)	径向裂纹数
1	25.26	109.98	7	69.54	2.19	13
2	25.71	110.12	9	69.83	2.62	15
3	25.73	110.81	10	70.18	3.16	10
4	25.62	108.51	11	71.26	2.78	12
5	24.39	110.26	7	74.89	1.24	11
6	25.81	103.17	7	72.14	1.68	9
7	24.27	103.85	6	78.31	3.41	7
8	25.98	107.18	8	77.43	3.15	8

图8 不同靶板结构下陶瓷半锥角及径向裂纹数

Fig.8 Half-cone angles and number of radial cracks of ceramics for different target structures

图9 钛合金背板的多尺度损伤形貌

Fig.9 Multiscale damage morphologies of titanium alloy back sheets

图10 钛合金背板位移场

Fig.10 Displacement field of titanium alloy back plate

图11 UHMWPE层合纤维板损伤形貌宏观尺度

Fig.11 Damage morphology of UHMWPE laminated fiber board at macroscopic scale

图12 UHMWPE层合纤维板损伤形貌数字处理

Fig.12 Digitally processed damage morphology of UHMWPE laminated fiber board

表6 UHMWPE层合纤维板锥形鼓包隆起高度及边缘颈缩距离

Table 6 Conical bulge height and edge necking distance of UHMWPE laminated fiberboardlaminated fiberboard

参数	实验1 11Kevlar/SiC-10UHMWPE				实验2 11Kevlar/SiC-10UHMWPE
H/mm	87.32				85.18
D/mm	20.19	26.34	18.42	26.98	10.75	28.10	19.17	24.65
参数	实验3 10Kevlar/SiC-1TC4-10*UHMWPE				实验4 10Kevlar/SiC-1TC4-10*UHMWPE
H/mm	78.05				73.19
D/mm	29.32	20.20	19.90	14.91	25.45	10.17	29.20	31.56
参数	实验5 9Kevlar/SiC-1.5TC4-10*UHMWPE				实验6 9Kevlar/SiC-1.5TC4-10*UHMWPE
H/mm	62.35				57.53
D/mm	17.62	6.33	22.78	25.64	17.46	28.10	18.23	7.61
参数	实验7 8Kevlar/SiC-2TC4-10*UHMWPE				实验8 8Kevlar/SiC-2TC4-10*UHMWPE
H/mm	49.76				46.28
D/mm	17.82	18.62	11.18	7.29	10.53	13.18	13.69	10.13

图13 UHMWPE层合纤维板位移场

Fig.13 Displacement field of UHMWPE laminated fiber board

图14 UHMWPE层合纤维板SEM显微照片

Fig.14 SEM micrograph of UHMWPE laminated fiberboard

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