主动回波控制的阵列布局设计与优化

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1165

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对水下航行器覆盖层厘米级厚度与米级低频探测波长的尺度矛盾难题,通过超磁致伸缩换能器次级发射阵元研制及发射单元表面构型优化,基于相控阵的主动回波控制方法开展水下大试样主动回波控制效果的仿真评估。通过声学有限元模型数值仿真与大型压力消声水罐中的试验数据对比,验证空间声场中3个位置的声压级与声压云图,并研究不同阵列布局在300~2000Hz的低频带范围内6个频率点的声场一致性。研究结果表明:频率越高,形成的平面声场一致性越差;以方盘为阵元的阵列形成的平面声场一致性优于圆盘阵列;最优阵列布局可在10m后形成较好的平面声场,配合发射单元的最优构型进一步改善主动回波控制下的声场均匀程度,以达到更好的控制效果。

关键词: 主动回波控制, 主动发射单元, 阵列布局优化, 相控阵, 声场一致性, 低频大宽带

Abstract:

To address the scale contradiction problems of centimeter-level thickness and meter-level low-frequency detection wavelength of underwater vehicle covering layer,a secondary emission array of giant magnetostrictive transducer is developed and the surface configuration of emission unit is optimized.The active echo control effect of large underwater samples is simulated and evaluated based on the active echo control method of phased array.The sound pressure levels and cloud maps of three positions in the spatial sound field are verified by comparing the numerically simulated results of acoustic finite element model with the test data in a large pressure silencing tank,and the sound field consistency of six frequency points in the low band range of 300-2000Hz with different array layouts is studied.The results show that the higher the frequency is,the worse the consistency of planar sound field is.The consistency of planar sound field formed by the array with square disk is better than that of the disk array.The optimal array layout can form a better planar sound field at 10 m away from it,and the optimal configuration of the emission unit can further improve the consistency of sound field under the active echo control,so as to achieve better control effect.

Key words: active echo control, active emission unit, array layout optimization, phased array, sound field consistency, wide low-frequency broadband

中图分类号:

TB56

杨龙, 王文杰, 李濠君, 向粤, 赵旭. 主动回波控制的阵列布局设计与优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231165-.

YANG Long, WANG Wenjie, LI Haojun, XIANG Yue, ZHAO Xu. Design and Optimization of Active Echo Control Array Layout[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231165-.

图/表 17

图1 主动发射单元结构图[24]

Fig.1 Structure diagram of activeemission unit[24]

图2 时域信号分离技术原理图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of time-domain signal separation technology

图3 基于Fx-LMS算法的前馈相控阵系统

Fig.3 Feedforward phased array system based on Fx-LMS algorithm

图4 声学有限元网格模型

Fig.4 Acoustic finite element mesh model

图5 监测点设置

Fig.5 Monitoring point setting

图6 试验环境与仿真环境对比

Fig.6 Environment and simulation environments

图7 测试阵列对比

Fig.7 Test array comparison

图8 数值模拟与试验结果对比

Fig.8 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results

图9 圆盘阵列布局

Fig.9 Disk array layout

图10 不同频率下的声场形成情况

Fig.10 Sound field formation at different frequencies

图11 圆盘发射阵列的声场一致性对比

Fig.11 Comparison of sound field consistencies of disk emission arrays

图12 300Hz下各阵列形成的声场云图

Fig.12 Cloud image of sound field formed by each array at 300Hz

图13 方盘阵列布局

Fig.13 Square disk array layout

图14 方盘与圆盘性能对比

Fig.14 Performance comparisonof square disk array and disk array

图15 方盘发射阵列的声场一致性对比

Fig.15 Comparison of sound field consistencies of square disk emission arrays

图16 各方盘阵列声场云图

Fig.16 Cloud image of sound field of each disk array

图17 Array 3F 在各距离处的声场云图

Fig.17 Sound field cloud images of Array 3F at various distances

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