喷水推进两栖车辆水面航行特性试验与数值计算研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0620

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

兼具陆上机动、水面航行及水陆交界地带作业能力的特种水陆两栖车辆,是未来多域协同系统中重要组成部分。以喷水推进两栖车辆为研究对象,基于船模拖曳水池试验,获得了弱约束条件下喷水推进两栖车辆的航行特性,建立了喷水推进器与两栖车辆一体化操控的数值计算方法,对喷水推进两栖车辆水动力性能展开研究并充分验证了数值计算方法的准确性,对比分析了两栖车辆设计航速下拖曳与约束自航条件下的航行特性。相比于常规的“船-泵”一体化研究,从两栖车的角度丰富了喷水推进器和水面航行体相互影响的研究。结果表明,约束自航条件下车体阻力相比无喷水推进条件下阻力增加17.6%,喷水推进器运行导致的车辆姿态变化是造成增阻的主要因素。约束自航条件与拖曳条件相比,虚长度延伸长度从-0.864 X/L(X为距车辆重心长度,L为两栖车总长)增加至-1.513 X/L。与此同时,鸡尾流波高高度与发散波面积显著增加,从0.037 H/L(H为波面高度)增加至0.061 H/L,增加了尾流场附近能量损失。

关键词: 水陆两栖车辆, 喷水推进, 水池试验, 数值模拟, 航行特性

Abstract:

Special amphibious vehicles with the ability to maneuver on land, sail on water, and operate in the water-land interface zone are an important part of future multi-domain collaborative systems. The navigation characteristics of a waterjet propulsion amphibious vehicle under weak constraints are experimentally and numerically investigated. A numerical calculation method for the integrated control of waterjet propulsor and amphibious vehicles is established. The hydrodynamic performance of waterjet propulsion amphibious vehicle is studied. And the accuracy of the numerical calculation method is fully verified. The navigation characteristics of the amphibious vehicle under the conditions of towing and constrained self-propulsion at the designed speed are compared and analyzed. Compared with the conventional “ship-pump” integrated research, the research results on the mutual influence of waterjet propulsor and surface vehicle have been enriched from the perspective of amphibious vehicle. Under constrained self-propelled condition, the resistance of vehicle is increased by 17.6% compared to the resistance without waterjet propulsor. The change of vehicle attitude caused by the operation of waterjet propulsor is the main factor causing the increase of resistance. Compared with the condition of towing, the extension length of virtual length increases from -0.864 X/L (X is the length from the center of gravity of the vehicle, L is the total length of amphibious vehicle) to -1.513 X/L under the constrained self-propelled condition. At the same time, the wave height and divergent wave area of the chicken wake significantly increase from 0.037 H/L (H is the wave height)to 0.061 H/L, which leads to the increase of the energy loss near the wake field.

Key words: amphibious vehicle, waterjet propulsion, tank test, numerical simulation, navigation characteristics

中图分类号:

U469.6⁺93

鲁航, 刘昊然, 陈泰然, 黄彪, 王国玉, 陈慧岩. 喷水推进两栖车辆水面航行特性试验与数值计算研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(8): 2629-2645.

LU Hang, LIU Haoran, CHEN Tairan, HUANG Biao, WANG Guoyu, CHEN Huiyan. Experimental and Numerical Study on Navigation Characteristics of Waterjet Propulsion Amphibian Vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2629-2645.

图/表 26

图1 试验水池及拖车

Fig.1 Test pool and trailer

图2 两栖车模型示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of amphibious vehicle model

表1 两栖车与喷水推进器参数

Table 1 Parameters of amphibious vehicle and waterjet propulsor

参数	数值
两栖车总长L/m	2.14
两栖车总宽B/m	0.87
两栖车高/m	0.52
两栖车质量M/kg	240.05
喷水推进器叶轮直径/mm	149.5
喷水推进器喷口直径/mm	105
喷水推进器转速/(r·min^-1)	2286
喷水推进器流量/(m³·s^-1)	0.108
喷水推进器扬程/m	7.12
喷水推进器叶轮叶片数	6
喷水推进器导叶叶片数	8

图3 两栖车模型

Fig.3 Amphibious vehicle model

表2 试验台仪器设备参数

Table 2 Test bench instrument and equipment parameters

名称	参数	量程	精度
拖车	速度/(m·s^-1)	0.1~8.0	0.001
阻力传感器	力/N	1000	0.0005
三向测力天平	力/N	500	0.001
纵摇传感器	角度/(°)	45	0.1
升沉传感器	升沉值/mm	800	0.1
转矩转速功率测量仪	转矩/(N·m) 转速/(r·min^-1)	-99999~99999 0~20000	不超过 ±0.5%FS

图4 拖曳装置示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of towing device

图5 两栖车安装示意图

Fig.5 Installation schematic diagram of amphibious vehicle

图6 不同Fr下的两栖车阻力及姿态参数

Fig.6 Resistance and attitude parameters of amphibious vehicle under different Froude number

图7 Fr=0.629下车体阻力及姿态

Fig.7 Vehicle resistance and posture for Fr=0.629

表3 Fr=0.629工况下车体兴波试验

Table 3 Image of vehicle body wave making test for Fr=0.629

图8 计算域及边界条件示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of computational domain and boundary conditions

图9 网格划分

Fig.9 Mesh of water-jet inlet duct

图10 车体表面y+分布云图

Fig.10 The distribution of y+ on the surface of vehicle

表4 不同精度下网格数和时间步大小

Table 4 Number of grids and time step size under different accuracies

参数	数值	参数	数值
G₁/10⁴	2082	T₁/s	0.007
G₂/10⁴	1150	T₂/s	0.005
G₃/10⁴	426	T₃/s	0.0035

表5 网格和时间步不确定度计算

Table 5 Grid and time step uncertainty calculation

航行条件	网格与时间步	参数	S₁	S₂	S₃	γ	p	U_SN[S₁%]
拖曳	网格	C_d	0.0309	0.031	0.0316	0.167	2.585	1.786
	时间步	C_d	0.0308	0.031	0.0322	0.0167	2.585	3.584
约束自航	网格	H^*	2.166	2.157	2.146	0.8182	0.290	4.121
		Q_rel	0.975	0.969	0.948	0.286	1.807	3.653
	时间步	H^*	2.172	2.157	2.137	0.75	0.415	4.345
		Q_rel	0.977	0.969	0.938	0.258	1.954	4.913

图11 车体阻力及姿态数值与试验结果对比

Fig.11 Comparison of calculated and experimental values of vehicle resistance and attitude

图12 喷水推进泵外特性数值与试验结果[31]对比

Fig.12 Comparison of numerical and experimental results[31] of characteristics of waterjet propulsor

表6 波形图数值与试验结果对比

Table 6 Comparison among wave pattern values and experimental results

图13 两栖车辆拖曳与约束自航下的车体阻力对比

Fig.13 Comparison of resistance of amphibious vehicle under towing and constrained sel-navigation

图14 车底压力云图对比

Fig.14 Comparison of vehicle bottom pressure nephograms

图15 两栖车压力分布及受力示意图

Fig.15 Pressure distribution and force of amphibious vehicle

表7 车首流线及Q云图对比

Table 7 Comparison of vehicle headstream lines and Q nephograms

图16 两栖车车底水相分布对比

Fig.16 Comparison of water phase distributions of amphibious vehicle bottom

表8 拖曳与约束自航条件中央纵剖面速度云图对比

Table 8 Comparison of velocity profiles of central longitudinal section under towing and constrained self-propelled conditions

图17 拖曳条件与约束自航条件兴波特性

Fig.17 Wave-making characteristics under towed and constrained self-propelled conditions

图18 不同纵剖面波高値对比

Fig.18 Comparison of wave heights of different longitudinal sections

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