冲击加载下PBX界面对热点形成和安全性影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高聚物粘结炸药(Polymer-Bonded Explosive,PBX)界面结构对其热点形成和冲击安全性有显著影响。为研究冲击条件下PBX点火响应过程,通过图像数字化建模和矢量化技术,建立反映PBX真实细观结构特征的有限元模型。考虑材料内部摩擦生热、晶体变形温升以及晶体放热反应过程,对PBX冲击载荷下热点形成进行数值仿真,并引入热点密度作为依据来判断材料是否点火,进一步研究晶体表面粗糙度和晶体包覆缺陷对材料点火感度与安全性的影响。试验结果表明:在冲击加载过程中,PBX内部热量前期主要来源于摩擦生热和晶体变形温升;当温度逐渐升高后,热量主要来源于晶体放热反应;材料发生点火的临界热点密度为0.68mm^-2,降低晶体表面粗糙度并提高晶体表面包覆质量,有助于抑制热点的形成,使材料降感,进而提升PBX安全性;研究结果可用于高能炸药的点火感度及安全性评估,并指导其生产加工与制备工艺。

关键词: 高聚物粘结炸药, 冲击点火, 热点, 界面结构, 安全性

Abstract:

The interfacial structure of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) has a significant effect on the hot spot formation and impact safety. In order to study the ignition response process of PBX under impact condition, a finite element model reflecting the real internal structural characteristics of the PBX is established by digital modeling and vectorization of images. The model considers the heat generated by friction, the temperature rises caused by crystal deformation, and the exothermic reaction. The hot spot formation under PBX impact load is numerically simulated. Hot spot density is introduced as a basis for determining whether material ignition occurs, and the effects of crystal surface roughness and crystal coating defects on the ignition sensitivity and impact safety of PBX are analyzed. The results show that the internal heat of PBX initially comes from frictional heat generation and crystal deformation during impact loading, and when the temperature gradually raises, the heat mainly comes from the exothermic reaction of crystal. The critical hot spot density for material ignition is 0.68mm^-2. Reducing the crystal surface roughness and improving the coating quality of crystal can help to inhibit the formation of hot spots and reduce the material sensitivity, which can improve PBX safety. This work can be used to evaluate the ignition sensitivity and safety of high explosives and guide their production and processing.

Key words: polymer-bonded explosive, impact ignition, hot spot, interface structure, safety

中图分类号:

O381

夏全志, 吴艳青, 柴传国, 杨昆, 黄风雷. 冲击加载下PBX界面对热点形成和安全性影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(6): 1840-1853.

XIA Quanzhi, WU Yanqing, CHAI Chuanguo, YANG Kun, HUANG Fenglei. Effect of PBX Interface on Hot Spot Formation and Safety under Impact Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(6): 1840-1853.

图/表 20

图1 PBX扫描电镜拍摄图像

Fig.1 SEM image of PBX

图2 基于PBX真实内部结构细观有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model reflecting the real internal structural characteristics of PBX

图3 PBX飞片冲击有限元模型示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of finite element model for PBX flyer impact test

图4 典型的牵引力分离响应

Fig.4 Typical traction-separation response

表1 材料力学性能参数

Table 1 Mechanical property parameters of the materials

材料	ρ₀/ (g·cm^-3)	G₀/ GPa	σ/ GPa	c/ (km·s^-1)	s	γ₀
HMX	1.90	2.70	0.10	2.90	2.06	1.10
Estane	1.10	0.27	0.01	2.35	1.70	1.00
钢	7.85	79.00	1.85	4.57	1.49	1.93

表2 材料的热物理学参数

Table 2 Therophysical parameters of the materials

材料	λ/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	C/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	Q/(J·g^-1)	Z/s^-1	E/(J·mol^-1)	R/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)
HMX	0.37	1100	2100	5×10¹⁹	2×10⁵	8.314
Estane	0.226	1155
钢	50	445

图5 计算模型的验证

Fig.5 Validation of computational models

图6 在冲击载荷作用下不同时刻的PBX压力分布

Fig.6 Pressure distribution under impact loading at different times

图7 在冲击载荷作用下不同时刻的温度分布

Fig.7 Temperature distribution under impact loading at different times

图8 PBX内部温度场分布及监测点位置

Fig.8 Distribution of temperature field in PBX and location of monitoring points

图9 冲击加载下监测点处温度与压力变化情况

Fig.9 Temperature and pressure variation at the monitoring points under impact loading

图10 热点的演化过程

Fig.10 Evolution process of hot spot

图11 热点尺寸的检测方案

Fig.11 Scheme for hot spot detection

图12 冲击压力对热点的影响

Fig.12 Effect of impact pressure on hot spots

图13 晶体粗糙表面示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of rough surface of crystal

图14 界面摩擦系数对热点生成的影响

Fig.14 Effect of interface friction coefficients on hot spot formation

图15 不同界面摩擦系数对热点的影响

Fig.15 Effect of different interface friction coefficients on hot spots

图16 带有界面脱粘损伤的PBX细观结构示意图

Fig.16 PBX mesostructure model with initial interface debonding damage

图17 界面脱粘含量对热点形成过程的影响

Fig.17 Effect of interface debonding content on hot spot formation

图18 界面脱粘损伤含量对热点形成的影响

Fig.18 Effect ofinterface debonding damage on hot spot formation

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