高聚物粘结炸药冲击起爆统计热点反应速率模型

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入探索非均质固体炸药冲击起爆热点机制，重点关注炸药孔洞尺寸分布及热点点火临界条件，建立高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)冲击起爆统计热点反应速率模型，描述热点形成、形核或消亡、点火后燃烧反应演化直至快速转为爆轰的全过程。奥克托今（HMX）基PBX9501和三氨基三硝基甲苯（TATB）基LX-17炸药冲击起爆过程的数值模拟结果显示，反应流场中波到达时间的计算值与实验值偏差小于3.7%，初步验证了统计热点反应速率模型的合理性，且相比文献［21-24］的统计模型适应性更强。研究结果表明：孔洞尺寸分布对非均质固体炸药冲击起爆感度影响显著；HMX基PBX炸药冲击起爆爆轰成长过程呈加速反应特性，而TATB基PBX炸药表现为稳定反应特性，进一步提高了对HMX/TATB混合基钝感高能炸药冲击起爆机理的认识。

关键词: 高聚物粘结炸药, 冲击起爆, 统计热点, 反应速率模型, 孔洞尺寸分布

Abstract: A statistical hot spot reaction rate (SHS) model for shock initiation and detonation of heterogeneous solid explosives is developed to describe the formation，growth or disappearance of hot spots，combustion after nucleation and rapid transition to detonation. The pressure-time histories in both HMX-based PBX9051 and TATB-based LX-17 are calculated by using the SHS model， and the numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the void size should be controlled as small as possible to improve the safety during the synthesis of insensitive high explosives. The results indicate that the shock initiation behavior of the HMX-based PBX has the accelerated reaction characteristics，and the TATB-based PBX has a stable reaction characteristic.

Key words: polymerbondedexplosive, shokinitiation, statisticalhotspot, reactionratemodel, voidsizedistribution

中图分类号:

O381

白志玲，段卓平，黄风雷. 高聚物粘结炸药冲击起爆统计热点反应速率模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11): 2379-2387.

BAI Zhiling， DUAN Zhuoping， HUANG Fenglei. A Statistical Hot Spot Reaction Rate Model for Shock Initiation of PBX[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(11): 2379-2387.

参考文献

［1］ GUSTAVSEN R L，SHEFFIELD S A，ALCON R R，et al.Embedded electromagnetic gauge measurements and modeling of shock initiation in the TATB based explosives LX-17 and PBX 9502[J].AIP Conference Proceedings，2002，620:1019-1022.
[2］ URTIEW P A，TARVER C M.Shock initiation of energetic materials at different initial temperatures(review)[J].Combustion，Explosion，and Shock Waves，2005，41(6):766-776.
[3］温丽晶，段卓平，张震宇，等.HMX基和TATB基PBX炸药爆轰成长差别的实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击，2013，33(增刊1): 135-139.
WEN L J，DUAN Z P，ZHANG Z Y，et al.Experimental research on differences of detonation growth process between HMX-based and TATB-based plastic bonded explosives[J].Explosion and Shock Waves，2013，33(S1):135-139. (in Chinese)
[4］ FORBES J W，TARVER C M，URTIEW P A，et al.The effects of confinement and temperature on the shock sensitivity of solid explosives[C]∥Proceeding of the 11th International Detonation Symposium. Snowmass，CO US: USDOE Office of Defense Programs，1998.
[5］ MULFORD R N，ALCON R R. Shock initiation of PBX-9502 at elevated temperatures[J].AIP Conference Proceedings，1996，370:855-858.
[6］ PERRY W L，CLEMENTS B，MA X，et al.Relating microstructure，temperature，and chemistry to explosive ignition and shock sensitivity[J].Combustion and Flame，2018，190:171-176.
[7］ URTIEW P A，TARVER C M，FORBES J W，et al.Shock sensitivity of LX-04 at elevated temperatures[C]∥Proceedings of 1997 APS Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. Amherst，MA，US:American Physical Society，1997.
[8］ SIMPSON R L，URTIEW P A，TARVER C M.Shock initiation of 1，3，3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ)[J].AIP Conference Proceedings，1996，370:883.
[9］ TARVER C M，SIMPSON R L，URTIEW P A.Shock initiation of an ε-CL-20-estane formulation[J].AIP Conference Proceedings，1996，370:891.
[10］ URTIEW P A，TARVER C M，SIMPSON R L.Shock initiation of 2，4-dinitroimidazole(2，4-DNI)[J].AIP Conference Proceedings，1996，370:887.
[11］ KHASAINOV B A，ERMOLAEV B S，PRESLES H N，et al.On the effect of grain size on shock sensitivity of heterogeneous high explosives[J].Shock Waves，1997，7(2): 89-105.
[12］ WEN L J，DUAN Z P，ZHANG L S，et al.Effects of HMX particle size on the shock initiation of PBXC03 explosive[J]. International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation，2012，13(2):189-194.
[13］ MOULARD H，DELCLOS A，KURY J.The effect of RDX particle size on the shock sensitivity of cast PBX formulations:2，Bimodal compositions[C]∥Proceedings of International Symposium on Pyrotechnics and Explosives. Beijing，China:China Ordnance Society，1987.
[14］ WILLEY T M，BUUREN T V，LEE J R I，et al. Changes in pore size distribution upon thermal cycling of TATB-based explosives measured by ultra-small angle X-ray scattering[J].Propellants，Explosives，Pyrotechnics，2010，31(6):466-471.
[15］ LIU Y R，DUAN Z P，ZHANG Z Y，et al. A mesoscopic reaction rate model for shock initiation of multi-component PBX explosives[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials，2016，317: 44-51.
[16］ DUAN Z P，WEN L J，LIU Y R，et al.A pore collapse model for hot-spot ignition in shocked multi-component explosives[J].International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation，2010，11:19-23.
[17］ BAI Z L，DUAN Z P，WEN L J，et al.Comparative analysis of
detonation growth characteristics between HMX- and TATB-based PBXs[J]. Propellants，Explosives，Pyrotechnic，2019，44(7):858-869.
[18］ BAI Z L，DUAN Z P，WEN L J，et al.Shock initiation of multi-component insensitive PBX explosives: experiments and MC-DZK mesoscopic reaction rate model[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials，2019，369:62-69.
[19］ BAI Z L，DUAN Z P，WEN L J，et al. Embedded manganin gauge measurements and modeling of shock initiation in HMX-based PBX explosives with different particle sizes and porosities[J].Propellants，Explosives，Pyrotechnics，2020，45(6):908-920.
[20］白志玲.PBX炸药冲击起爆机理及其系列反应速率模型研究[D].北京：北京理工大学，2019.
BAI Z L.Physical mechanism and series of chemical reaction rate models for detonation initiation in PBX explosives[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology，2019. (in Chinese)
[21］ GREBENKIN K F.Comparative analysis of physical mechanisms of detonation initiation in HMX and in a low-sensitive explosive (TATB)[J].Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves，2009,45(1): 78-87.
[22］ COCHRAN S G. Statistical treatment of heterogeneous chemical reaction in shock-initiated explosives:UCID-18548[R].Livermore，CA，US:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，1980.
[23］ NICHOLS A L，TARVER C M.A statistical hot spot reactive flow model for shock initiation and detonation of solid high explosives[C]∥Proceedings of the 12th International Detonation Sympo- sium. San Diego，CA，US:US Department of Energy，2002.
[24］ HILL L.The Shock-triggered statistical hot spot model[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings，2012，1426:307-310.
[25］ HAMATE Y，HORIE Y. Ignition and detonation of solid explosives:a micromechanical burn model[J].Shock Waves，2006，16(2):125-147.
[26］ HAMATE Y，HORIE Y.A statistical approach on mechanistic modeling of high-explosive ignition[J].AIP Conference Proceedings，2004，706:335-338.
[27］ MANG J T，HJELM R P，FRANCOIS E G.Measurement of porosity in a composite high explosive as a function of pressing conditions by ultra-small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation[J].Propellants，Explosives，Pyrotechnics，2010，35(1): 7-14.
[28］田占东，张震宇.PBX-9404炸药冲击起爆细观反应速率模型[J].含能材料，2007，15(5):464-467.
TIAN Z D，ZHANG Z Y.A mesomechanic model of shock initiation in PBX-9404 explosive[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials，2007，15(5):464-467. (in Chinese)
[29］ URTIEW P A，VANDERSALL K S，TARVER C M，et al. Initiation of heated PBX-9501 explosive when exposed to dynamic loading[C]∥Proceedings of AIP ZABABAKHIN SCIENTIFIC TALKS-2005:International Conference on High Energy Density Physics. Snezhinsk，Russia:AIP，2005.

[1]	李淑睿，段卓平，白志玲，张旭，黄风雷. 2，4-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸含铝炸药冲击起爆特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(6): 1288-1294.
[2]	刘纯，欧卓成，段卓平，黄风雷. 动态加载下高聚物粘结炸药中椭圆孔洞坍塌引起的热点温度及其半经验解析表达[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(1): 57-68.
[3]	李淑睿，段卓平，郑保辉，罗观，黄风雷. 24-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸含铝炸药圆筒试验及爆轰产物状态方程[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(7): 1424-1430.
[4]	赵聘，陈朗，李金河，鲁建英，伍俊英. 聚能射流侵彻隔板形成的前驱冲击波起爆不同温度炸药特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 45-55.
[5]	秦金凤，赵雪，钱华，芮久后. 高致密球形黑索今晶体结构对高聚物粘结炸药安全性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(3): 481-487.
[6]	魏强，黄西成，陈刚，陈鹏万. 高聚物粘结炸药动态损伤破坏的数值刻画[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(7): 1381-1389.
[7]	苗飞超，周霖，张向荣，曹同堂. 点火增长反应速率方程在LS-DYNA软件中嵌入及应用[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(7): 1411-1417.
[8]	李潘，郝志明，刘永平，甄文强. 基于近场动力学非普通状态理论的高聚物粘结炸药损伤破坏模拟研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(5): 893-900.
[9]	谭凯元，韩勇，曹落霞，文尚刚，王翔，叶辉. 装药密度小幅变化对三氨基三硝基苯基聚合物粘结炸药短脉冲冲击起爆特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(3): 468-473.
[10]	欧亚鹏，闫石，焦清介，郭学永，孙亚伦. 浇注高聚物粘结炸药的粘结剂体系设计及其应用研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(1): 63-70.
[11]	王竟成，罗景润. 不同细观力学方法预测高聚物粘结炸药有效模量的比较[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(6): 1106-1112.
[12]	崔云霄，陈鹏万，郭保桥， David A. Cendón，周忠彬. 基于内聚裂纹模型的高聚物粘结炸药模拟材料动态断裂行为研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(12): 2379-2385.
[13]	陈闯，郝永平，杨丽，王晓鸣，李文彬，李伟兵. 双层介质隔板试验及被发炸药冲击起爆特性分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(10): 1957-1964.
[14]	崔云霄，陈鹏万， David A. Cendón，戴开达，钟方平. 基于内聚裂纹模型的高聚物粘结炸药模拟材料动态巴西实验的数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(9): 1639-1645.
[15]	白志玲，段卓平，景莉，刘益儒，欧卓成，黄风雷. 飞片冲击起爆高能钝感高聚物粘结炸药的实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(8): 1464-1468.