摩擦对引信后坐保险件解除保险特性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对引信单自由度直线运动后坐保险机构设计优化问题,开展不同摩擦条件下侧压簧对惯性筒动态响应特性的影响研究。运用刚体动力学理论和ADAMS刚体动力学仿真软件,研究侧压簧即被保险件预压簧作用于后坐保险件上的摩擦力对后坐保险件在发射和跌落时动态响应特性的影响。得到有侧压簧即被保险件预压簧作用时后坐保险件在多种不同冲击过载作用下的位移响应和速度响应。研究结果表明:被保险件对后坐保险件的摩擦缓释效应有利于提高后坐保险机构的跌落安全性,而对后坐保险机构发射时正常解除保险影响十分有限;通过优化被保险件预压簧的预压抗力和/或被保险件与后坐保险件之间的摩擦系数,可使引信后坐保险机构的跌落安全性得到改善。

关键词: 引信, 后坐保险机构, 冲击响应, 跌落安全性, 计算机仿真

Abstract:

To optimize the mechanism of a single-degree-of-freedom linear-motion setback arming device of a fuze, the effect of the spring preload on the dynamic response characteristics of the inertial unit under different friction conditions was studied. The rigid body dynamics theory and ADAMS rigid body dynamics simulation software were used to study the effect of friction which exists due to the preload of a spring on the locked component on the dynamic response characteristics of the setback arming pin during launch and drop. Through theoretical calculations, the displacement response and velocity response of the setback arming pin under a variety of impact overloads were obtained. The results showed that the frictional retardation effect of the locked component on the setback arming pin contributes to the improvement of the drop safety, and that its effect on the arming performance of the setback arming device during launch is limited. By optimizing the preload force of the spring on the locked component and/or the friction coefficient between the locked component and the setback arming pin, the drop safety of the fuze setback arming device can be improved.

Key words: fuze, setback arming device, impact response, drop safety, computer simulation

邹陈来, 王雨时, 王光宇. 摩擦对引信后坐保险件解除保险特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1296-1309.

ZOU Chenlai, WANG Yushi, WANG Guangyu. Effect of Friction on Arming Motion of Fuze Setback Arming Pin[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1296-1309.

图/表 22

图1 有侧向预压簧产生摩擦缓释作用的引信后坐保险机构

Fig.1 Setback arming device of a fuze with frictional retardation from loaded spring

图2 引信(弹丸)倾斜跌向目标时惯性筒的受力

Fig.2 Force analysis for the inertial unit as the fuze or projectile drops inclinedly

图3 引信(弹丸)倾斜跌向目标的初始阶段滑柱的受力

Fig.3 Force analysis for the slide pin in the initial stage as the fuze or projectile drops inclinedly

图4 冲击过载消失后惯性筒做惯性运动时的受力

Fig.4 Force analysis for the inertial unit when the shock overload disappears

表1 一种迫击炮弹引信后坐保险机构设计参数

Table 1 Design parameters of the setback arming device of the mortar fuze

参数对象	数值
惯性筒质量m₁/g	0.18
惯性簧质量m₂/g	0.09
惯性簧刚度K₁/(N·mm^-1)	0.2265
惯性簧预压量λ₁/mm	17.0
惯性簧预压力F₁/N	3.85
解除保险行程h/mm	9.67
侧压簧预压力F₂/N	2.22

表2 计算用弹丸发射过载和跌落过载参数

Table 2 Parameters of launch overload and drop overload for calculation

参数类型	过载峰值k₁/g	作用时间(T/2)/ms
发射过载^[16]	5576	9.12
跌落过载1^[17]	5500	1.38
跌落过载2^[17]	6600	0.58
跌落过载3^[15]	7366	0.23
跌落过载4^[18]	20000	0.10

图5 发射过载作用下惯性筒的位移响应-时间和速度响应-时间曲线

Fig.5 Displacement and velocity of the inertial unit under launch overload

图6 跌落过载1作用下惯性筒的位移响应-时间和速度响应-时间曲线

Fig.6 Displacement and velocity of the inertial unit under drop overload 1

图7 跌落过载2作用下惯性筒的位移响应-时间和速度响应-时间曲线

Fig.7 Displacement and velocity of the inertial unit under drop overload 2

图8 跌落过载3作用下惯性筒的位移响应-时间和速度响应-时间曲线

Fig.8 Displacement and velocity of the inertial unit under drop overload 3

图9 跌落过载4作用下惯性筒的位移响应-时间和速度响应-时间曲线

Fig.9 Displacement and velocity of the inertial unit under drop overload 4

表3 不同倾斜角度以跌落过载1和跌落过载2作用时不同摩擦系数对应的解除保险时间

Table 3 Time of arming with different friction coefficients under various impact overloadsms

倾斜角度摩擦系数μ	跌落过载1				跌落过载2
倾斜角度摩擦系数μ	0°	0.1°	1.0°	5.0°	0°	0.1°	1.0°	5.0°
0	0.937	0.946	0.946	0.949	0.834	0.846	0.847	0.850
0.05	0.952	0.955	0.954	0.951	0.858	0.862	0.859	0.853
0.10	0.966	0.966	0.963	0.954	0.887	0.878	0.873	0.857
0.15	0.983	0.977	0.972	0.956	0.922	0.896	0.887	0.860
0.20	0.997	0.988	0.983	0.960	0.966	0.915	0.903	0.863
0.25	1.013	1.000	0.993	0.962	1.028	0.937	0.920	0.867
0.30	1.030	1.013	1.003	0.965	1.164	0.960	0.938	0.871
0.35	1.048	1.026	1.014	0.969	∞	0.987	0.958	0.875
0.50	1.106	1.072	1.051	0.980	∞	1.094	1.032	0.887
1.00	∞	1.317	1.233	1.023	∞	∞	∞	0.938

表4 不同倾斜角度以跌落过载3和跌落过载4作用时不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒最大位移

Table 4 Maximum displacement of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under various impact overloads at different angles of inclination mm

倾斜角度摩擦系数μ	跌落过载3				跌落过载4
倾斜角度摩擦系数μ	0°	0.1°	1.0°	5.0°	0°	0.1°	1.0°	5.0°
0	4.471	4.359	4.358	4.329	6.389	6.278	6.276	6.239
0.05	4.037	4.243	4.262	4.303	5.918	6.222	6.248	6.196
0.10	3.656	4.127	4.167	4.277	5.494	6.167	6.219	6.153
0.15	3.319	4.011	4.071	4.251	5.113	6.112	6.190	6.110
0.20	3.021	3.895	3.976	4.224	4.769	6.057	6.161	6.066
0.25	2.757	3.780	3.881	4.197	4.458	6.002	6.133	6.023
0.30	2.522	3.666	3.786	4.169	4.177	5.947	6.104	5.980
0.35	2.312	3.552	3.691	4.141	3.922	5.891	6.075	5.937
0.50	1.802	3.214	3.408	4.055	3.285	5.726	5.988	5.807
1.00	0.848	2.155	2.504	3.760	2.009	5.179	5.696	5.375

图10 一种迫击炮弹引信后坐保险机构的ADAMS刚体动力学仿真模型

Fig.10 Model of the setback arming device of the mortar fuze using ADAMS rigid body dynamic simulation

图11 发射过载作用下不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒质心位置变化曲线

Fig.11 Change of center mass of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under lunch overload

图12 跌落过载1作用下不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒质心位置变化曲线

Fig.12 Change of center mass of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under drop overload 1

图13 跌落过载2作用下不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒质心位置变化曲线

Fig.13 Change of center mass of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under drop overload 2

图14 跌落过载3作用下不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒质心位置变化曲线

Fig.14 Change of center mass of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under drop overload 3

图15 跌落过载4作用下不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒质心位置变化曲线

Fig.15 Change of center mass of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under drop overload 4

表5 不同冲击过载作用下不同摩擦系数对应的解除保险作用时间

Table 5 Time of arming with different friction coefficients under various impact overloads

冲击过载摩擦系数μ	发射过载			跌落过载1			跌落过载2
冲击过载摩擦系数μ	仿真值/ms	理论值/ms	相对误差/%	仿真值/ms	理论值/ms	相对误差/%	仿真值/ms	理论值/ms	相对误差/%
0	1.976	1.968	0.39	0.935	0.937	-0.23	0.834	0.834	0.02
0.05	2.035	2.028	0.35	0.949	0.952	-0.24	0.859	0.858	0.08
0.10	2.096	2.089	0.34	0.964	0.966	-0.24	0.888	0.887	0.11
0.15	2.157	2.151	0.26	0.979	0.983	-0.23	0.923	0.922	0.10
0.20	2.219	2.212	0.33	0.995	0.997	-0.25	0.968	0.966	0.19
0.25	2.281	2.274	0.31	1.011	1.013	-0.22	1.032	1.028	0.33
0.30	2.343	2.338	0.24	1.028	1.030	-0.19	1.164	1.164	0
0.35	2.406	2.400	0.28	1.047	1.048	-0.10	8.894⁽¹⁾	9.094⁽¹⁾	-2.21
0.50	2.601	2.595	0.23	1.106	1.106	0.03	7.246⁽¹⁾	7.391⁽¹⁾	-1.96
1.00	3.318	3.314	0.12	9.114⁽¹⁾	9.226⁽¹⁾	-1.22	3.605⁽¹⁾	3.597⁽¹⁾	0.21

表6 不同冲击过载作用下不同摩擦系数对应的惯性筒最大位移

Table 6 Maximum displacement of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under various impact overloads

冲击过载摩擦系数μ	跌落过载3			跌落过载4
冲击过载摩擦系数μ	仿真值/ mm	理论值/ mm	相对误差/%	仿真值/ mm	理论值/ mm	相对误差/%
0	4.371	4.471	-2.22	6.144	6.389	-3.83
0.05	3.958	4.037	-1.97	5.715	5.918	-3.43
0.10	3.589	3.656	-1.83	5.327	5.494	-3.05
0.15	3.260	3.319	-1.79	4.975	5.113	-2.70
0.20	2.971	3.021	-1.68	4.655	4.769	-2.38
0.25	2.715	2.757	-1.54	4.358	4.458	-2.23
0.30	2.486	2.522	-1.42	4.091	4.177	-2.07
0.35	2.286	2.312	-1.15	3.847	3.922	-1.89
0.50	1.813	1.802	0.61	3.230	3.285	-1.66
1.00	0.874	0.848	3.04	1.986	2.009	-1.13

图16 不同冲击过载作用下惯性筒的最大位移响应-摩擦力曲线

Fig.16 Maximum displacement response-friction force curves of the inertial unit with different friction coefficients under various impact overloads

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