碳纤维增强复合材料的铣削实验和微观形貌分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对纤维增强硬脆难加工复合材料，提出采用立放方式对工件进行铣削，在此基础上分析其切削表面的加工质量及其微观形貌。以平纹碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）为研究对象，采用立放方式进行铣盲槽实验，分析切削区上表面的加工质量，并用扫描电镜(SEM)分析槽壁和切屑的微观形貌。研究结果表明：随着切削速度v_c的增大，分层因子F_d平均减小30.44%，而随着进给速度v_f的增大，F_d平均增大73.49%；从纤维断口的微观形貌可知纬纱的典型断口形貌主要有5种，而与纬纱差别较大的经纱典型断口形貌主要有2种；从槽壁和切屑的微观形貌可知，铣刀切出侧由于易产生严重缺陷而成为工件立放铣削的薄弱处，由于经纬交织结构在一定程度上降低了槽前端壁切削表面的整体粗糙度，且槽底切削表面的加工质量较好，因此工件采用立放方式的铣削具有可行性。

关键词: 复合材料, 切削机理, 铣削表面微观形貌, 平纹织物, 碳纤维复合材料, 切屑

Abstract: In view of the hardness, brittleness and machining difficulty of fiber-reinforced composite material, a milling mode is put forward to machine the carbon fibre-reinforced plastics（CFRP）, of which the fiber fabric stands vertically. The quality and the microstructures of the machined surfaces are analyzed. The blind-slot milling testes on plain-woven carbon fiber-reinforced composites are conducted. A scanning electron microscope is used to observe the microstructures of the machined surfaces and the swarf. The results show that the delamination is decreased by 30.44% on average with the increase in the cutting speed v_c; and it is increased by 73.49% on average with the increase in the feed speed v_f. There are 5 kinds of micro-fractographs of fiber weft and 2 kinds of micro-fractograps of fiber warp. In this milling mode, the intertexture structure can improve the machined surface quality of the front wall of slot, and the machined surface of the bottom of slot is smooth. Therefore, this milling mode is feasible. But there are some serious defects on the region of the cut-out side where a vulnerable place is. The results provide some useful references for the choice of milling mode and the quality improvement of machined surfaces.

Key words: composite material, cutting mechanism, microstructure of milled surface, plain-woven fabric, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics, swarf

中图分类号:

苏飞，袁军堂，于斌斌，汪振华. 碳纤维增强复合材料的铣削实验和微观形貌分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(4): 531-539.

SU Fei, YUAN Jun-tang, YU Bin-bin, WANG Zhen-hua. Research on Milling of Plain-woven Carbon Fiber-reinforced Composites[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(4): 531-539.

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