钨铜变密度聚能射流侵彻模型及应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.12.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钨铜是一种依靠机械摩擦结合的两相复合材料，在钨铜射流成型过程中，爆炸加载及拉伸程度的不同极易导致成分梯度及瞬时空隙，进而形成射流密度梯度。传统侵彻模型大多忽略材料中的微观结构变化，以射流密度定常为基本假设，对钨铜变密度射流侵彻深度的预测误差极大。综合考虑钨铜在聚能射流成型过程中材料拉伸及相分离导致的密度变化，引入射流密度与速度函数，对经典虚拟原点侵彻模型进行修正，建立了考虑射流可压缩性和成分梯度的钨铜变密度侵彻模型。以口径56 mm典型聚能结构为例，采用数值模拟及试验方法获得了钨质量百分比为75%的钨铜射流真实密度分布，并利用变密度侵彻模型计算了侵彻深度，同时利用X光脉冲摄影试验及静破甲试验对计算结果进行了验证。研究结果表明，钨铜变密度聚能射流侵彻模型比经典虚拟原点模型及局部密度修正模型计算的侵彻深度更加接近试验值，证实了钨铜变密度侵彻模型的正确性。

关键词: 聚能装药, 钨铜射流, 复合材料, 侵彻模型

Abstract: Tungsten-copper (W-Cu) is a friction-bonded two-phase composite material with relative low interface bonding forces. A density deficit caused by phase separation and transient vacancy is often observed in W-Cu jet. Traditional penetration models are mainly based on the constant-density assumption neglecting the microstructural changes in shaped charge jet, which may trigger a considerable calculation error in the penetration prediction of W-Cu jet with non-cosntant density. A modified virtual origin penetration model for W-Cu jet is proposed by introducing the density and speed functions of jet, in which both material compressibility and composition gradient are considered. Based on a typical shaped charge structure, the true density distribution of 75wt%W-Cu jet was obtained, and the calculated penetration depth was validated by the experiment. The results show that the W-Cu penetration model can greatly improve the calculation accuracy compared with the traditional virtual origin model and partially modified model. Key

Key words: shapedchargejet, tungsten-coppershapedchargejet, compositematerial, penetrationmodel

中图分类号:

TJ410.3⁺33

王芳，蒋建伟，门建兵. 钨铜变密度聚能射流侵彻模型及应用[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(12): 2289-2297.

WANG Fang, JIANG Jian-wei, MEN Jian-bing. A Penetration Model for Tunsgsten-copper Shaped Charge Jet with Non-constant Density[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(12): 2289-2297.

参考文献

［1］吕翠翠，刘金旭，李树奎,等. W-Ni-Fe合金药型罩的破甲特性[J]．稀有金属材料与工程，2013，42(11)：2337-2340.
LYU Cui-cui, LIU Jin-xu, LI Shu-kui, et al. Penetration perfor- mance of W-Ni-Fe alloy shaped charge liner [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2013，42(11)：2337-2340. (in Chinese)
[2] 胡忠武，李中奎，张廷杰,等. 药型罩材料的发展[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程，2004,33（10）：1009-1012.
HU Zhong-wu, LI Zhong-kui, ZHANG Ting-jie, et al. Advanced progress in materials for shaped charge and explosively formed penetrator liners [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2004,33（10）：1009-1012. (in Chinese)

[3] Ding L, Jiang J W, Men J B, et al. Research on feasibility of several high density materials for EFP liner and material selection criteria[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics,2017, 42(4): 455-465.
[4] Elshenawy T, Elbeih A, Li Q M. A modified penetration model for copper-tungsten shaped charge jets with non-uniform density distribution [J]. Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 2016, 13(4): 927-943.
[5] Walters W P, Zukas J A. Fundamental of shaped charges [M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
[6] Abrahamson G R, Goodier J N. Penetration by shaped charge jets of non-uniform velocity [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1963,34(1): 195-199.
[7] Allison F E, Vitali R. A new method of computing penetration variables for shaped-charge jets, Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No.1184 [R]. Arlington, VA, US: Armed Services Technical Information Agency, 1963.
[8] Zernow L. The effects of high speed impact by shaped charge jets and jet fragments[C]∥Proceedings of the Rand Symposium on High-Speed Impact. Santa Monica, CA, US: Rand Corporation, 1955:67-133.
[9] Thomer G, Schall R. Shock hugoniots of perspex, polyethylene, magnesium and glass, determined by flash radiography, ISL-Report 5/63 [R]. Saint-Louis, France: Institute Franco-Allemand de Recherches, 1963.

[10] Janet F. Measurements of densities in shaped charge jets and detonation waves [R]. Columbus, OH, US: American Society for Non-Destructive Testing, 1976.
[11] Janet F, Thomer G. Flash radiography [M]. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1976.
[12] Walker J D, Grosch D J, Mullin S A. A hypervelocity fragment launcher based on an inhibited shaped charge [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1993, 14(1/2/3/4):763-774.
[13] Walker J D, Grosch D J, Mullin S A. Experimental impacts above 10 Km/s [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1995, 17(4): 903-914.
[14] Zernow L. Metallurgical, X-ray diffraction and sem studies of individual shaped charge jet particles, captured by soft recovery [C] ∥Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Ballistics. San Diego, CA, US：International Ballistics Committee, 1988.
[15] Zernow L. The density deficit in stretching shaped charge jets [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1997, 20(6): 849-859.
[16] Grove B, Walton I. Shaped charge jet velocity & density profiles [C]∥Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Ballistics. Tarragona, Spain: International Ballistics Committee, 2007.
[17] Werneyer K D, Mostert F J. Analytical model predicting the
penetration behaviour of a jet with a time-varying density profile [C] ∥Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Ballistics. Adelaid, Australia: International Ballistics Committee, 2004.
[18] Maritz M F, Werneyer K D, Mostert F J. An analytical penetration model for jets with varying mass density profiles [C]∥Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Ballistics. Vancouver, Canada: International Ballistics Committee, 2005.
[19] Elshenawy T. Criteria of design improvement of shaped charges used as oil well perforators [D]. Manchester, UK: University of Manchester, 2012.
[20] Lee S, Hong M H, Noh J W, et al. Microstructural evolution of a shaped-charge liner and target materials during ballistic tests [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2002, 33(4): 1069-1074.
[21] Wang F, Jiang J W, Men J B, et al. Investigation on shaped charge jet density gradient for metal matrix composites: experimental design and execution[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2017, 109:311-320.
[22] 王芳，蒋建伟，门建兵. 钨铜射流成形的细观数值模拟分析[J]. 兵工学报，2018,39（2）：245-253.
WANG Fang, JAING Jian-wei, MEN Jian-bing. Mesoscopic numerical simulation on the formation of tungsten-copper shaped charge jet [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018,39（2）：245-253. (in Chinese)
[23] 张向荣，黄风雷. 炸高对钨铜射流空气及水中侵彻的影响[J]. 北京理工大学学报，2011,31（3）：262-264.
ZHANG Xiang-rong, HUANG Feng-lei. Effects of standoff on the penetration of WCu-pseudo-alloy shaped charges in the air and water [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2011,31（3）： 262-264. （in Chinese）
[24] Zhang X R , Wu C, Huang F L. Penetration of shaped charge jets with tungsten-copper and copper liners at the same explosive-to-liner mass ratio into water[J]. Shock Waves, 2010, 20(3):263-267.
[25] 刘迎彬. 聚能粒子流的形成与侵彻研究 [D]. 合肥：中国科学技术大学，2012.
LIU Ying-bin. The mechanism of formation and penetration of shaped charge particle jets [D]. Hefei： University of Science and Technology of China, 2012. （in Chinese）

[26] Elshenawy T, Elbeih A, Thomas M K. A numerical method for the determination of the virtual origin point of shaped charge jets instead of using flash x-ray radiography [J]. Journal of Energetic Materials, 2017,36(2):127-140.

第39卷第12期
2018 年12月兵工学报ACTA
ARMAMENTARIIVol.39No.12Dec. 2018

[1]	李彬，谢新，唐文勇，陶江平，孙宜强，张辉. 基于近似模型的复合材料导管支臂结构性能分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(6): 1435-1446.
[2]	王钰婷, 黄正祥, 祖旭东, 马彬, 肖强强, 贾鑫. 等腰梯形截面聚能装药射流成型及侵彻特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(4): 748-757.
[3]	孔国强，王康，于秋兵，李莹，魏化震，邵蒙，毕卫东，刘本学, 尹磊，孙晓冬. 气凝胶改性石英纤维增强有机硅透波复合材料性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(2): 442-450.
[4]	李居影，李莹，王荣惠，魏化震，孔国强. 2.5维编织复合材料经向拉伸弹性性能预测[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(7): 1516-1523.
[5]	刘强，陈鹏万，苏健军，李芝绒，张玉磊. 碳化硅与聚脲纳米复合材料拉伸力学性能和本构模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1238-1249.
[6]	孙同生，朱隽垚，于存贵，杨文超，徐强. 多管火箭武器箱式复合材料定向器长期堆码贮存吸湿-蠕变耦合行为预测[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(3): 487-498.
[7]	彭露玫，周成康，张志勇，刘冬. 金属与碳纤维复合结构发射箱耐高温冲击性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11): 2360-2367.
[8]	赵子涵，穆希辉，杜峰坡. 橡胶履带柔性复合材料的本构模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(9): 1719-1726.
[9]	朱昭君，强洪夫，王哲君. 轴编炭/炭复合材料组分材料的微细观热结构特性分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(5): 996-1006.
[10]	孔宪俊，王明海，王奔，郑耀辉，王扬，杨立军. 45% SiC_p/Al复合材料切削表面对高斯激光吸收规律研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(5): 1007-1015.
[11]	袁野，王丽燕，曹占伟，聂春生，聂亮，马昊军. 碳纤维增强类复合材料烧蚀产物对等离子体流场特性影响的实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(2): 298-304.
[12]	李军宝，李伟兵，汪衡，袁书强，王晓鸣，洪晓文，徐赫阳. 爆炸载荷下铝粉与橡胶复合材料中的冲击波传播特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(10): 2001-2007.
[13]	张昊，王海福，余庆波，郑元枫. 活性射流侵彻钢筋混凝土靶后效超压特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(7): 1365-1372.
[14]	王金金，查柏林，张艳，张炜，苏庆东. 粒子侵蚀条件下硅橡胶复合材料烧蚀特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(4): 848-856.
[15]	常青，张敏弟，马潇健，黄彪，黄国豪. 碳纤维复合材料各向异性特性对气泡形态影响试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(11): 2272-2282.