新型含能化合物1-甲基-35-二硝基吡唑-4-硝酸酯的合成与表征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.10.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了寻求性能优良的含能化合物，以4-氯吡唑为原料，经硝硫混酸硝化、硝酸根亲核取代、碘甲烷甲基化，获得一种新型的含能化合物1-甲基-3,5-二硝基吡唑-4-硝酸酯，并采用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对产物结构进行了表征。实验考察了甲基化过程中反应时间及碘甲烷用量对反应产率的影响，得到较佳的合成条件：反应时间为10 h，碘甲烷用量为3,5-二硝基吡唑-4-硝酸酯用量的2倍，在此条件下产率为55.2%. 计算了1-甲基-3,5-二硝基吡唑-4-硝酸酯爆轰性能，并与其他常用含能化合物进行了比较，结果表明其爆轰性能略低于1，3，3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷而优于TNT. 撞击实验表明，1-甲基-3,5-二硝基吡唑-4-硝酸酯的撞击感度高于TNT及1，3，3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷，与黑索今相近。

关键词: 兵器科学与技术, 1甲基3, 5二硝基吡唑4硝酸酯, 含能化合物, 合成, 表征

Abstract: In order to seek high performance energetic compounds, a novel energetic material, 1-methyl-3,5-dinitropyrazole-4-nitrate, is synthesized using 4-chloropyrazole as raw material via nitration, nucleophilic substitution, and methylation reaction . Its structure is characterized by FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. The effect of reaction time and dosage of iodomethane on methylation reaction is investigated, and the better synthesis condition is obtained. The reaction temperature is 40 ℃, the reaction time is 10 h, and the dosage of iodomethane is twice of that of DNPN with a yield of 55.2%. Its detonation properties are calculated and compared with those of other commonly-used energetic compounds. The results show that the detonation properties of 1-methyl-3,5-dinitropyrazole-4-nitrate are slightly lower than those of TNAZ and better than those of TNT. The impact sensitivity of 1-methyl-3,5-dinitropyrazole-4-nitrate is higher than that of TNAZ and similar to that of RDX.

Key words: ordnance science and technology, 1-methyl-3,5-dinitropyrazole-4-nitrate, energetic compound, synthesis, characterization

中图分类号:

TQ226

冯晓琴，崔建兰，曹端林. 新型含能化合物1-甲基-35-二硝基吡唑-4-硝酸酯的合成与表征[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(10): 2012-2016.

FENG Xiao-qin, CUI Jian-lan, CAO Duan-lin. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Energetic Compound 1-Methyl-35-dinitropyrazole-4-nitrate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(10): 2012-2016.

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