TiB2/B4C复相陶瓷自蔓延热爆炸烧结与性能表征

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究高硬度复相陶瓷高效且低成本的制备方法,利用自蔓延高温合成结合爆炸烧结技术,开展制备二硼化钛/碳化硼(TiB₂/B₄C)复相陶瓷的研究,成功制备厚度约为1cm、直径约为5cm的TiB₂/B₄C复相陶瓷块体。烧结样品物相和微观结构分析表征结果表明:烧结样品中TiB₂相和B₄C相分布均匀,截面观察到致密的微米级颗粒。该方法制备的样品致密度和硬度较高,随冲击压力不同,致密度范围在90%~93%之间,相应平均维氏硬度为16.64~17.35GPa;根据不同条件下回收样品的微结构、致密度等分析,冲击压力和起爆时刻生坯温度对TiB₂/B₄C复相陶瓷烧结质量有重要影响;冲击压力为40GPa,生坯温度为1800K时,烧结致密度为93%;为进一步提高烧结质量,应提高冲击压力或冲击波作用时间。研究表明自蔓延热爆炸烧结技术是一种高效且低成本的高硬度复相陶瓷的制备方法。

关键词: TiB₂/B₄C, 复相陶瓷, 自蔓延高温合成, 爆炸烧结, 微观结构

Abstract:

In order to explore the efficient and low-cost preparation method of high hardness composite ceramics, the titanium diboride/boron carbide (TiB₂/B₄C) composite ceramics with a thickness of about 1 cm and a diameter of about 5cm was fabricated by SHS-assisted shock sintering method. The results of phase and microstructure analysis show that TiB₂ phase and B₄C phase are evenly distributed in the sintered samples, and dense micron particles are observed in the cross section. The density and hardness of the samples prepared by this method are relatively high. The density ranges from 90% to 93% with the change of shock pressure, and the corresponding average Vickers hardness ranges from 16.64GPa to 17.35GPa. The analysis of the microstructures and densities of the recovered samples under different conditions show that the shock pressure and the pre-detonation temperature have an important effect on the consolidated quality of TiB₂/B₄C composite ceramics. When the shock pressure is 40GPa and the temperature is 1500℃, the density of sintered sample is 93%. The shock pressure or shock time should be increased to improve the sintering quality. The results show that SHS-assisted shock sintering method is an efficient and low-cost preparation method for high hardness composite ceramics.

Key words: TiB₂/B₄C, composite ceramic, self-propagating high temperature synthesis, explosive sintering, microstructure

中图分类号:

TB33

李云飞, 高鑫, 陈鹏万, 刘开源. TiB₂/B₄C复相陶瓷自蔓延热爆炸烧结与性能表征[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 26-34.

LI Yunfei, GAO Xin, CHEN Pengwan, LIU Kaiyuan. SHS-assisted Shock Sintering and Characterization of TiB₂/B₄C Composite Ceramics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 26-34.

图/表 12

图1 爆炸烧结装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of explosive sintering device

表1 烧结实验条件

Table 1 Sintering experimental conditions

实验编号	装药高度/mm	炸药爆速/ (m·s^-1)	起爆延迟时间/s
1	200	3200	4
2	150	3200	4
3	200	3200	6
4	150	3200	6

表2 阻抗匹配法计算用参数

Table 2 Parameters used in impedance matching method

材料	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	材料常数C/ (km·s^-1)	材料常数 S	不同药高飞片飞行速度 w/(km·s^-1)
材料	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	材料常数C/ (km·s^-1)	材料常数 S	200mm	150mm
45号钢	7.85	4.567	1.47	1.708	1.554
TiB₂/B₄C (50%致密度)	1.875	2.38	1.15

图2 阻抗匹配法计算冲击压力示意图

Fig.2 Impedance matching method to calculate the shock pressure

表3 烧结实验中的各项参数

Table 3 Parameters in sintering experiment

实验编号	T₀/K	p/GPa	p_s/GPa	致密度/%
1	1800	39.02	5.47	93.00
2	1800	34.86	4.35	91.30
3	1400	39.02	5.47	93.00
4	1400	34.86	4.35	90.00

图3 烧结样品实物照片

Fig.3 Photos of sintered samples

图4 TiB2/B4C复相陶瓷块体的XRD图谱(1号样品)

Fig.4 XRD pattern of TiB2/B4C composite ceramics (Sample 1)

图5 自蔓延高温合成的疏松产物的SEM图像

Fig.5 SEM image of loose products obtained using self-propagating high temperature synthesis

图6 不同实验条件下TiB2/B4C复相陶瓷烧结样品抛光后的SEM微观结构图(左为放大500倍,右为放大2000倍)

Fig.6 SEM images of TiB2/B4C composite ceramic samples after polishing under different experimental conditions (left: 500×; right: 2000×)

图7 TiB2/B4C复相陶瓷烧结样品截面元素分布情况

Fig.7 Element distribution on cross section of TiB2/B4C composite ceramics

表4 烧结样品EDS分析所得原子比

Table 4 Atomic ratio obtained by EDS analysis of sintered sample

原子比/%	Ti	B	C
生坯原子比	19.44	72.23	8.33
烧结样品原子比	12.58	62.26	25.16

图8 不同实验条件下TiB2/B4C复相陶瓷烧结样品的维氏硬度

Fig.8 Vickers hardness of sintered TiB2/B4C composite ceramic samples under different experimental conditions

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TiB₂/B₄C复相陶瓷自蔓延热爆炸烧结与性能表征

SHS-assisted Shock Sintering and Characterization of TiB₂/B₄C Composite Ceramics

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