关键词: 复合材料, 定制纤维铺放, 电加热织物, 低速冲击性能, 冲击后电热性能, 冲击后压缩性能

Abstract: To develop electrothermal composites that offer both anti-icing/deicing functionality and meet load-bearing performance requirements, this study designed and fabricated three types of nickel-chromium alloy wire electric heating fabrics and their reinforced composites with parallel spacings of 6.67 mm, 4.00 mm, and 2.86 mm, based on tailored fiber placement process. Under a 25 W DC voltage, the surface temperature of the composites reached a minimum of 87.2 °C within three minutes. The low-velocity impact properties, electro-thermal properties after impact, and compression after impact of the composites were tested and analyzed using a drop weight impact tester, an infrared thermal imager, and a universal testing machine under a 7J impact energy. The results indicate that the introduction of the nickel-chromium alloy wire electrothermal layer increased the composite’s impact energy absorption by at least 23.6%. The surface temperature of the damaged areas in the electrothermal composites remained above 72.4 °C after impact, and the retention rates of compressive modulus and compressive strength post-impact were 88.73% and 94.97%, respectively. Compared to glass fiber/epoxy composites, decreasing the parallel spacing of the nickel-chromium alloy wires resulted in a more pronounced delamination phenomenon in the electrothermal layer under post-impact compressive loads. These findings provide practical guidance for the design of electrothermal composites for aircraft anti-icing/deicing applications, ensuring a balance between mechanical performance and functional requirements.

Key words: composites, tailored fiber placement, electric heating fabrics, low-velocity impact properties, electro-thermal properties after impact, compression after impact