发射不同被甲材料弹头各向异性身管膛内应力状态

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0676

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究某小口径步枪发射过程中身管膛内的应力场与温度场,建立弹头膛内运动时期弹头/身管相互作用的精细热力耦合有限元模型,其中考虑了温度对身管与被甲材料力学性能的影响以及枪管钢力学性能的各向异性。仿真获得覆铜钢被甲弹头和铜被甲弹头挤进运动规律与身管膛内应力状态变化。研究结果表明:被甲材料的不同对挤进过程有很大影响,钢被甲弹头挤进阻力大于铜被甲,相应地前者膛内应力也大于后者;身管不同轴向位置处应力分布规律不同,坡膛处内膛应力最大值在阳线导转侧,膛口处内膛应力最大值在阴线上。研究结果为优化弹头/枪管匹配提供了支持。

关键词: 身管, 热力耦合, 被甲材料, 各向异性材料, 材料热物理特性, 弹头挤进

Abstract:

The stress field and temperature field of barrel in the firing process of a small caliber rifle are studied. An accurate thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model of the projectile/barrel interaction during the motion of projectile in the barrel is established, in which the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of barrel and jacket materials and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of barrel steel are considered. The engraving motion patterns of steel and copper jacketed projectiles, and the change of stress state in the barrel are obtained by the numerical simulation. The simulated results show that the different materials of projectile jacket have great influence on the engraving process,the engraving resistance of steel jacketed projectile is greater than that of copper jacketed projectile, and the in-bore stress of steel jacketed projectile is also greater than that of copper jacketed projectile. The stress distributions at different axial positions of barrel are different, the maximum stress at the chamber throat is on the land driving side, and the maximum in-bore stress at the muzzle is on the groove. This work is conducive to the optimization of projectile/barrel matching.

Key words: gun barrel, thermo-mechanical coupling, bullet jacket material, anisotropic material, material thermophysical property, projectile engraving

中图分类号:

TJ203+.1

盖钟雨, 周克栋, 陆野, 刘锦豪. 发射不同被甲材料弹头各向异性身管膛内应力状态[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 4119-4132.

GE Zhongyu, ZHOU Kedong, LU Ye, LIU Jinhao. Stress States of Anisotropic Material Gun Barrel by Firing the Projectiles with Different Jacket Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 4119-4132.

图/表 29

图1 枪弹有限元网格

Fig.1 Finite element meshes of projectile and barrel

表1 30SiMn2MoV钢力学性能

Table 1 Mechanical properties of 30SiMn2MoV steel barrel

方向	弹性模量/ GPa	屈服极限/ MPa	抗拉强度/ MPa	伸长率/ %
径向	211		1084	10.07
周向	211	945	1067	15.52
轴向	213		988	10.86

表2 30SiMn2MoV钢材料热物理特性参数

Table 2 Thermophysical parameters of 30SiMn2MoV steel barrel

T/K	E/ GPa	ν	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	α/ K^-1	c_p/ (J·k $g - 1$ · $K - 1$ )
298	211	0.277	48.00	1.15×10^-5	480
473	202	0.286	44.70	1.28×10^-5	553
673	186	0.290	43.12	1.43×10^-5	611
873	168	0.277	37.47	1.51×10^-5	754
973	160	0.284	31.40	1.40×10^-5	849

表2 30SiMn2MoV钢材料热物理特性参数

Table 2 Thermophysical parameters of 30SiMn2MoV steel barrel

T/K	E/ GPa	ν	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	α/ K^-1	c_p/ (J·k $g - 1$ · $K - 1$ )
298	211	0.277	48.00	1.15×10^-5	480
473	202	0.286	44.70	1.28×10^-5	553
673	186	0.290	43.12	1.43×10^-5	611
873	168	0.277	37.47	1.51×10^-5	754
973	160	0.284	31.40	1.40×10^-5	849

表3 铜被甲材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of copper jacket

A/MPa	B/MPa	C	n	m	T_m/K
112	505	0.009	0.42	1.68	1331
T_r/K	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
298	0.54	4.89	-3.03	0.014	1.12

表4 铜被甲材料热学性能参数

Table 4 Material thermophysical parameters of copper jacket

T/K	E/ GPa	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	α/ K^-1	c_p/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)
298	123	386	1.78×10^-5	383
403	117	400	1.78×10^-5	400
603	102	420	1.88×10^-5	420
903	90	450	2.09×10^-5	450

图2 F18覆铜钢应力-应变曲线

Fig.2 Stress-strain curve of F18 copper clad steel

表5 铅套、钢芯材料属性

Table 5 Material parameters of lead sheath and steel core

部件	E/ GPa	ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	ν	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	c_p/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)
铅套	17	11340	0.42	40	130
钢芯	190	7800	0.30	35	460

图3 铜弹头与枪管摩擦系数

Fig.3 Coefficient of friction between copper jacket and barrel

图4 内弹道子程序耦合计算流程

Fig.4 Flowchart of VUAMP coupling calculation

图5 膛内压力分布

Fig.5 Pressure distribution in barrel

图6 火药燃气热流及强制对流换热系数

Fig.6 Change of heat flux and forced convection coefficient

表6 不同网格密度下弹头最大速度

Table 6 Maximum velocities of projectile under different mesh densities

最小单元尺寸/ mm	单元数量	仿真所需时间/h	弹头最大速度仿真值/ (m·s^-1)	与试验值的相对误差/ %
0.20	556545	13.0	878.04	4.56
0.10	1113090	25.0	891.67	3.08
0.05	2226180	45.0	909.25	1.20

图7 钢被甲挤进过程中的von Mises应力

Fig.7 Evolution of von Mises stress for steel jacket

图8 铜被甲挤进过程中的von Mises应力

Fig.8 Evolution of von Mises stress for copper jacket

图9 弹头动态挤进阻力

Fig.9 Dynamic engraving resistances

图10 弹头速度曲线

Fig.10 The simulated velocity of projectile

图11 膛内平均压力曲线

Fig.11 The simulated average pressure of projectile

图12 挤进结束时刻发射钢被甲弹坡膛应力场与温度场

Fig.12 Stress field and temperature field of chamber throat acted by steel jacketed projectile at the end of engraving process

图13 挤进结束时刻发射铜被甲弹坡膛应力场与温度场

Fig.13 Stress field and temperature field of chamber throat acted by copper jacketed projectile at the end of engraving process

图14 发射钢被甲弹坡膛应力状态

Fig.14 Stress state of chamber throat acted by steel jacketed projectile

图15 发射铜被甲弹坡膛应力状态

Fig.15 The stress state of chamber throat acted by copper jacketed projectile

表7 坡膛单元最大应力

Table 7 Maximum stress in chamber throat

被甲	阳线导转侧单元最大应力值	阴线单元最大应力值
钢被甲	1099MPa (von Mises) -1031MPa (S11) -876MPa (S33)	689MPa (von Mises) -443MPa (S11) 380MPa (S22)
铜被甲	1045MPa (von Mises) -901MPa (S11) -848MPa (S33)	636MPa (von Mises) -328MPa (S11) 456MPa (S22)

图16 发射钢被甲弹坡膛剪切应力状态

Fig.16 Shear stress state of chamber throat acted by steel jacketed projectile

图17 发射铜被甲弹坡膛剪切应力状态

Fig.17 Shear stress state of chamber throat acted by copper jacketed projectile

表8 坡膛阳线单元最大剪切应力

Table 8 Maximum shear stress in land element at chamber throat

被甲	阳线导转侧单元最大剪切应力值	阳线非导转侧单元最大剪切应力值
钢被甲	-295MPa (S12) -94MPa (S13) 228MPa (S23)	288MPa (S12) -54MPa (S13) -119MPa (S23)
铜被甲	-234MPa (S12) 82MPa (S13) 221MPa (S23)	242MPa (S12) -52MPa (S13) -87MPa (S23)

图18 坡膛节点选取

Fig.18 Selected element nodes at chamber throat

图19 坡膛塑性应变

Fig.19 Plastic strain of chamber throat

图20 钢被甲弹膛口应力场与温度场

Fig.20 Stress field and temperature field of muzzle acted by steel jacketed projectile

图21 铜被甲弹膛口应力场与温度场

Fig.21 Stress field and temperature field of muzzle acted by copper jacketed projectile

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