不同持续射击发数对火炮身管寿命的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0852

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火炮在服役过程中,面临不同弹种、不同装药(强装药、全装药、减装药、高温装药等),以及快速持续射击与性能检验射击,因此有必要研究不同弹种、不同装药及不同持续射击发数对火炮身管寿命的影响。目前身管寿命评定主要通过国家军用标准等效折算系数将不同弹药类型射弹数等效折算为标准弹药或规定配比的标准弹药,但现有国家军用标准身管寿命等效折算方法仅包含膛压、初速两个因素,未考虑持续射击发数对身管寿命的影响,导致无法有效评估火炮不同持续射击发数下的身管寿命。基于阿伦尼乌斯方程研究身管材料热化学烧蚀模型,分析发现不同持续射击发数对身管寿命具有重要影响,火炮持续射击发数越多,火炮身管寿命越低。通过对比某火炮不同持续射击发数下身管寿命仿真与试验结果,验证了身管热化学烧蚀模型对预测不同持续射击发数下火炮身管寿命的准确性。

关键词: 火炮, 身管寿命, 持续射击发数, 膛内温度

Abstract:

The artillery is used with different charges of different types of ammunition (strong charge, full charge, reduced charge, high temperature charge, etc.), and have to undergo rapid continuous firing and performance test firing. It is necessary to study the impact of different charges of different types of ammunition and the number of rounds under rapid continuous firing on the barrel life. At present, for the assessment of barrel life, the method used is mainly to convert the number of projectiles of different types of ammunition into that of standard ammunition or standard ammunition with a specified ratio through the equivalent conversion factor in the national military standard. The existing national military standard equivalent conversion method for barrel life only includes two factors, chamber pressure and muzzle velocity, and does not consider the impact of rate of fire and number of rounds on barrel life, which makes it impossible to effectively evaluate barrel life under different numbers of rounds under continuous firing. The thermochemical ablation model of barrel material is established based on the Arrhenius equation. The influence of different numbers of rounds under continuous firing on the barrel life is studied. The larger the number of rounds under continuous firing, the shorter the barrel life. The accuracy of the thermochemical ablation model is verified by comparing the simulation and test results.

Key words: gun, barrel life, number of rounds under continuous firing, bore temperature

许耀峰, 王军, 刘朋科, 朱文芳, 杨雕. 不同持续射击发数对火炮身管寿命的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1034-1040.

XU Yaofeng, WANG Jun, LIU Pengke, ZHU Wenfang, YANG Diao. Influence of Different Numbers of Rounds under Continuous Firing on Gun Barrel Life[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1034-1040.

图/表 7

图1 瑞士某火炮身管寿命计算曲线

Fig.1 Calculated curve of barrel life of a Swiss gun

表1 测试结果与计算结果的对比

Table 1 Comparison between test results and calculated results

射击发数	射速/ (发·min^-1)	初始温度/℃	测试时间/s	测试温度/℃	计算温度/℃
10	1000	23.8	2.4	26.4	26.3
11	1000	27.7	17.3	65.1	64.5
11	1000	30.4	23.8	70.0	67.0

图2 某火炮1000发/分、33连发射击身管膛线起点向前25.4mm位置内壁表面温度仿真值随时间的变化规律

Fig.2 Variation law of simulated temperature value of inner wall at 25.4mm forward of the starting point of barrel rifling with time under 1000 rounds/min and 33 consecutive rounds

图3 连续射击过程中身管膛线起点向前25.4mm位置内壁表面初始温度及最高温度变化规律

Fig.3 Variation laws of initial temperature and maximum temperature of inner wall at 25.4mm forward of the starting point of barrel rifling

表2 以单发为标准射弹时不同持续射击发数等效折算系数

Table 2 EFC of different numbers of rounds under continuous firing with a single round as the standard projectile

持续射击发数	1	5	8	10	15	20	25	33
折算系数	1.00	1.39	1.58	1.69	1.91	2.10	2.26	2.48

表3 以5发为标准射弹时不同持续射击发数等效折算系数

Table 3 EFC of different numbers of rounds under continuous firing with 5 rounds as the standard projectile

持续射击发数	1	5	8	10	15	20	25	33
折算系数	0.72	1.00	1.13	1.23	1.38	1.51	1.62	1.78

表4 以8发为标准射弹时不同持续射击发数等效折算系数

Table 4 EFC of different numbers of rounds under continuous firing with 8 rounds as the standard projectile

持续射击发数	1	5	8	10	15	20	25	33
折算系数	0.63	0.88	1.00	1.07	1.21	1.33	1.43	1.56

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