火炮身管延寿技术研究现状与展望

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0787

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火炮身管延寿难题长期制约着其综合性能的进一步提升和作战效能的持续发挥，延长身管使用寿命成为现代化及未来战场的迫切需求。通过概括影响火炮身管寿命的主要因素，从改进发射药、身管内膛表面处理、优化弹丸和膛线设计、炮钢材料改进、磁控等离子体抗烧蚀技术等方面阐述当前用于火炮身管延寿的主要技术措施，总结相关技术的国内外研究进展，并分析国内在上述技术领域存在的短板。从明晰火炮身管内膛壁面的烧蚀磨损规律，遴选可行延寿方法并多措并举开展科研攻关以及探索并发展磁控等离子体抗烧蚀新技术等方面展望我国在火炮身管延寿领域未来的发展方向。研究成果可为发展火炮身管常规延寿技术提供思路，并为探索新型延寿技术提供启发，进而可为延长身管使用寿命、提升火炮作战效能提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 火炮身管, 寿命影响因素, 延寿技术, 磁控等离子体

Abstract:

The challenge of extending barrel life has restricted the improvement of the performance and combat effectiveness of guns for a long time. Therefore, extending the service life of gun barrels has become the urgent need for modernization and future battlefields. First, the main factors affecting gun barrel life are summarized. Then the domestic and foreign technical methods for barrel service life extension are introduced, including propellant improvement, surface treatment of the barrel bore, optimization of projectile and rifling design, gun steel improvement, and anti-ablation technology based on magnetron plasma. Moreover, research progress of relevant technologies at home and abroad is summarized, and the shortcomings in these technical fields in China are analyzed. Finally, this study gives the prospects of the future development direction in the field of barrel life extension from the aspects of clarifying the ablation and wear laws of the barrel bore, selecting feasible life extension methods, and taking multiple measures to conduct key research, and exploring and developing the anti-ablation technology based on magnetron plasma. This study provides ideas for the development of conventional barrel life extension technology and insights into new life extension technologies, thus improving the combat effectiveness of weapons.

Key words: gun barrel, factors affecting gun barrel life, life extension technology, magnetron plasma

毛保全, 赵其进, 白向华, 王之千, 朱锐, 陈春林. 火炮身管延寿技术研究现状与展望[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 638-654.

MAO Baoquan, ZHAO Qijin, BAI Xianghua, WANG Zhiqian, ZHU Rui, CHEN Chunlin. Review and Prospect of Life Extension Technology for Gun Barrels[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 638-654.

图/表 20

图1 火炮身管延寿主要措施

Fig. 1 Main measures to prolong gun barrel life

图2 热-化学-机械烧蚀磨损机制示意图[9]

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of thermal-chemical-mechanical ablation and wear mechanisms[9]

图3 堵孔钝感发射药示意图[46]

Fig. 3 Structure diagram of plugged and insensitive gun propellants[46]

图4 点火试验后烧蚀管试件的形貌[51]

Fig. 4 Morphology of ablation test pieces after ignition[51]

图5 熔盐电镀钽装置示意图[58]

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of MSE process of Ta[58]

图6 激光熔覆技术原理示意图[60]

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of laser cladding technology[60]

图7 等离子体熔覆技术原理图[61]

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of plasma cladding technology[61]

图8 线爆炸喷涂制备身管涂层原理图

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of coating preparation of a gun barrel by wire explosion spraying

图9 等离子体喷涂技术原理示意图[71]

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of plasma spraying technology[71]

图10 磁控溅射技术原理图[82]

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of magnetron sputtering technology[82]

图11 用于火炮身管的圆柱形磁控溅射设备[84]

Fig. 11 Cylindrical magnetron sputtering equipment for gun barrels[84]

图12 激光淬火强化过程示意图[97]

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of laser quenching and strengthening process[97]

图13 经磨损后两种弹带的对比图[101]

Fig. 13 Comparison of two kinds of rotating band after wear[101]

图14 电渣重熔工作原理示意图[115]

Fig. 14 Working principle of electroslag remelting[115]

图15 火药燃烧型等离子体的电导率数值求解结果[124]

Fig. 15 Solution results of electrical conductivity of plasma generated by gunpowder combustion[124]

图16 开放式燃烧装置[125]

Fig. 16 Open combustion apparatus[125]

图17 密闭爆发器燃烧装置[126]

Fig. 17 Closed bomb combustion apparatus[126]

图18 圆筒出口截面处磁流体的速度分布[121]

Fig. 18 Velocity distribution of the magnetic fluid at the outlet section of the cylinder[121]

图19 圆筒出口截面处磁流体的湍流动能分布[133]

Fig. 19 Turbulence kinetic energy distribution of the magnetic fluid at the outlet section of the cylinder[133]

图20 石英管外壁温度分布图[132]

Fig. 20 Temperature distribution of the outer wall of the quartz tube[132]

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