冲击波-破片联合载荷对固支方板的耦合作用机理

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0732

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对冲击波-破片联合载荷的耦合特性,开展了冲击波和破片对固支方板的联合作用效果研究。采用经试验结果验证的有限元模型分析了炸药驱动预制破片的飞散过程,讨论了不同载荷类型下靶板的变形和失效模式,阐释了冲击波和破片载荷耦合作用的毁伤机制。研究结果表明:在爆炸场近区,冲击波和破片无论哪种载荷先到达靶板,只要二者到达间隔小于靶板响应时间,载荷之间都存在耦合毁伤效应;冲击波和破片单独作用下靶板的主要变形失效模式分别为挠曲变形和剪切穿孔,冲击波作用下破片穿孔处易发生起裂、破孔贯穿;耦合作用下冲击波和破片对靶板的作用机制与单一载荷不同,一方面侵彻穿孔降低了靶板强度使冲击波作用下靶板产生的挠度增大,另一方面冲击波产生的挠度变化使得侵彻作用时刻推迟、侵彻时间增长、破片传递给靶板的能量更多;相比于冲击波和破片单独作用的简单叠加,耦合作用下靶板的残余挠度增加了19.2%。

关键词: 爆炸冲击波, 破片, 耦合作用, 动态响应

Abstract:

The coupling effect of shock wave and fragments on a clamped square plate is studied based on their coupling characteristics. The dispersion mechanism of prefabricated fragments propelled by explosives is investigated using a validated finite element model, and the findings are supported by experimental evidence. The deformation and failure modes of a target plate under various loads are discussed, and the damage mechanism resulting from the coupling effect of shock wave and fragment loading is elucidated. The results demonstrate that a coupling damage effect occurs in the vicinity of explosion field when the arrival interval between the two loads is less than the response time of target plate, regardless of the order in which the loads reach the plate. The primary deformation failure modes of target plate are flexural deformation and shear perforation caused by the shock wave and fragments, respectively. Moreover, theperforation of fragments under the action of shock wave is prone to cracking and hole penetration. The study also reveals that the mechanism of shock wave and fragment interaction differs from that of individual load. The strengthof target plate is reduced and its deflection is increased under the action of shock wave, leading to penetration perforation. Furthermore, the deflection induced by the shock wave delays the penetration time, extends the perforation period, and transfers more energy to the target plate. The residual deflection of target plateunder the coupling effectjs increased by 19.2% compared to the simple superposition of the shock wave and fragment loads.

Key words: shock wave, fragment, coupling effect, dynamic response

中图分类号:

O383.3

周猛, 梁民族, 林玉亮. 冲击波-破片联合载荷对固支方板的耦合作用机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S1): 99-106.

ZHOU Meng, LIANG Minzu, LIN Yuliang. Mechanism of Coupling Effect of Shock Wave and Fragments on Clamped Square Plate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 99-106.

图/表 15

图1 有限元模型

Fig.1 Finite element model

表1 304不锈钢材料参数[19]

Table 1 Material parameters of 304 stainless steel[19]

A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m
310	1000	0.65	0.07	1

表2 TNT材料参数[20]

Table 2 Material parameters of TNT charge[20]

A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	e₀/GPa
373.8	3.75	4.15	0.9	0.35	7

表3 空气材料参数[21]

Table 3 Material parameters of air[21]

ρ₀/ (kg·m^-3)	e₀/GPa	V₀	C₀、C₁、C₂、 C₃C₆	C₄、C₅
1.29	0.00025	1	0	0.4

表4 仿真工况

Table 4 Simulation conditions

工况	TNT质量/g	爆距/m	载荷类型
S1	200	0.5	冲击波
S2	200	0.5	破片
S3	200	0.5	冲击波+破片

图2 冲击波与破片时空关系(S3)

Fig.2 Time-space relationship between shock wave and fragments (Condition S3)

图3 各工况下靶板变形情况

Fig.3 Deformations of target plate under various conditions

图4 试验布置及结果对比

Fig.4 Experimental setup and result comparison

图5 试验和仿真结果残余挠度对比

Fig.5 Comparison of residual deflections in experiment and simulation

图6 S2和S3工况破片在侵彻过程中的能量损耗

Fig.6 Energy losses of fragments during penetration under S2 and S3 conditions

图7 破片撞靶过程

Fig.7 Process of fragment penetrating into target

图8 破片侵彻过程靶板的总能量变化

Fig.8 Total energy change of target plate in the process of fragment penetration

表5 破片作用时间

Tab.5 Action time of fragments μs

编号	S2工况		S3工况
编号	开始时刻	结束时刻	开始时刻	结束时刻
阶段I	428	435	428	436
阶段II	462	477	462	480
阶段III	498	505	499	507

图9 3种工况中靶板的总能量

Fig.9 Total energy of target plate in three conditions

图10 靶板中心截面变形曲线

Fig.10 Deformation curve of central section of target plate

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