小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0665

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截及开舱距离模拟中,无法体现开舱后子弹云团与目标的动态交会过程,并忽略了定距空爆引信实际启动规律,导致毁伤效能评估不准确的问题,开展小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离进行研究。通过建立多束定向预制破片战斗部、弹目交会及以巡航导弹为拦截目标的等效目标数值模型,搭建小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟平台。基于实时模拟平台,引入武器系统误差与定距空爆引信实测启动规律,分析炮弹在不同射击距离下开舱距离与毁伤效能的关系,并对小口径定距空爆弹引信技术发展方向进行展望。研究结果表明,引信实际启动规律使得最优毁伤效能随射击距离的增加而减少的幅度增大,在射击远距离目标时,0~20m的开舱距离内都存在着较高的完全脱靶率。

关键词: 小口径弹药, 定距空爆弹, 末端防空拦截, 引信启动规律, 实时模拟, 毁伤效能, 开舱距离

Abstract:

The simulation of terminal air defense interception and opening distance of small caliber fixed distance air-burst ammunition cannot reflect the dynamic intersection process of bullet clouds and targets after opening, and ignores the actual fuze starting law, which leads to the inaccurate evaluation of damage effectiveness. In this paper, the real-time simulation of terminal air defense interception of small caliber fixed distance air-burst ammunition and its opening distance are studied. A real-time simulation platform for terminal air defense interception of small caliber fixed distance air-burst ammunition is built by establishing a numerical model of multi-beam directional prefabricated fragment warhead, projectile-target intersection and equivalent target (e.g. cruise missile). Based on the real-time simulation platform, the weapon system errors and the measured fuze starting law are introduced, and the relationships between the opening distance and the damage efficiency of projectile at different shooting distances are analyzed. Finally, the development directions of fuze technology of small caliber fixed distance air-burst ammunition are prospected. The results show that the actual fuze starting law makes the reduction in the optimal damage efficiency increase with the increase in the shooting distance. When shooting a long-range target, there is a high miss rate in the opening distance of 0-20m.

Key words: small caliber ammunition, fixed distance air-burst ammunition, terminal air defense interception, fuze starting law, real time simulation, damage effectiveness, opening distance

中图分类号:

TJ01

娄文忠, 何博, 冯恒振, 李昕哲, 杨庭琪, 苏文亭, 吕斯宁, 张明荣, 余学瑞. 小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(2): 584-593.

LOU Wenzhong, HE Bo, FENG Hengzhen, LI Xinzhe, YANG Tingqi, SU Wenting, LÜ Sining, ZHANG Mingrong, YU Xuerui. Real-time Simulation of Terminal Air Defense Interception of Small Caliber Fixed Distance Air-burst Ammunition and Research on the Opening Distance[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(2): 584-593.

图/表 10

图1 小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of terminal air defense interception of small caliber fixed distance air-burst ammunition

图2 战斗部数值模型转换

Fig.2 Warhead numerical model transformation

图3 开舱后子弹云团动态分布

Fig.3 Dynamic distribution of bullet cloud after opening

表1 巡航导弹各舱段C级毁伤准则表[7,10]

Table 1 C-class damage criteria of cruise missile[7,10]

舱段	等效靶厚度/mm	等效靶材料	击穿子弹数期望/枚	引燃子弹数期望/枚
制导舱	16		≥8
战斗部	21	2A12T4铝合金	≥10	≥1
主油箱	4		≥9
发动机	13		≥12

图4 实时模拟平台结构与功能组成

Fig.4 Structure and function composition of real-time simulation platform

图5 末端防空拦截实时模拟

Fig.5 Real time simulation of terminal air defense interception

图6 武器系统误差下对不同射击距离目标毁伤模拟

Fig.6 Simulations of target damage with differentshooting distance under weapon system errors

表2 武器系统误差下对不同射击距离目标毁伤指标

Table 2 Damage indexes of targrt at different shooting distances under weapon system errors

射击距离/km	P_{C_Max}	d_best/m	P_{C_Mean}	P_{M_Mean}	P_{D_Mean}
1	0.991	7	0.550	0.180	0.029
2	0.767	5	0.341	0.486	0.008
3	0.481	5	0.136	0.712	0.003

图7 引信启动规律下对不同射击距离目标毁伤模拟

Fig.7 Simulations of target damage at differentshooting distances under fuze starting law

表3 引信启动规律下对不同射击距离目标毁伤指标

Table 3 Damage indexes of target atdifferent shooting distances under fuze starting law

射击距离/km	P_{C_Max}	d_best/m	P_{C_Mean}	P_{M_Mean}	P_{D_Mean}
1	0.989	7	0.548	0.188	0.027
2	0.687	6	0.334	0.491	0.015
3	0.377	5	0.140	0.743	0.012

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