消焰剂对大口径火炮炮口烟焰的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2022.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大口径火炮由于其装药元件复杂，装药量较大，发射过程中产生炮口烟焰的问题较为严重，容易对人员或战地伪装带来威胁。为研究炮口烟焰的生成与发展等相关情况，以某155 mm炮为模拟仿真对象, 建立考虑消焰剂的化学反应模型。采用压力隐式算子分割算法，对火炮发射药中添加消焰剂情况下进行火炮炮口全流场模拟仿真。仿真结果表明，在发射药中加入1.5%K₂SO₄后，火炮炮口C和CO等可燃组分的质量分数有明显的降低，炮口外最高温度从3 000 K降低至2 200 K，从而说明加入消焰剂可以有效抑制炮口烟焰的产生与发展。仿真结果与试验图片对比发现，二者的轮廓形状及尺寸具有一致性，且采用单元网格对炮口外火球面积进行估算后，发现相对面积误差不超过5%，从而为研究大口径火药射击过程中降低炮口烟焰等有害现象提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 大口径火炮, 消焰剂, 炮口烟焰, 压力隐式算子分割算法, 模拟仿真

Abstract: Because of the complexity of charge components and large charge weight of the large caliber gun, the muzzle flame is more serious during firing, which is easy to bring threat to personnel or battlefield camouflage. A chemical reaction model considering flame inhibitor for a 155 mm gun is established to study the generation and evolution of muzzle flame. PISO algorithm is used to simulate the muzzle flow field of gun with or without adding flame inhibitor. The simulated results show that the mass fractions of combustible components ( C and CO) in the gun muzzle decrease obviously and the maximum temperature outside the muzzle decreases from 3 000 K to 2 200 K after 1.5% K₂SO₄ is added into the propellant. This explains that the flame inhibitor can effectively inhibit the generation and evolution of muzzle flame. By comparing the simulated results with the experimental images, it can be seen that the shapes and sizes of simulated and experimental muzzle flame profiles are consistent. Also, it is found that the error is less than 5% after using the element grid to estimate the fireball area outside the muzzle.

Key words: largecalibergun, flameinhibitor, muzzleflame, PISOalgorithm, numericalsimulation

中图分类号:

TJ012.1⁺3

王丹宇，南风强，廖昕，肖忠良，堵平，王彬彬. 消焰剂对大口径火炮炮口烟焰的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(2): 273-278.

WANG Danyu, NAN Fengqiang, LIAO Xin, XIAO Zhongliang, DU Ping, WANG Binbin. Effect of Flame Inhibitor of the Muzzle Flame of Large Caliber Gun[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(2): 273-278.

参考文献

［1］王美懿, 王浩. 超大口径平衡炮膛口流场数值仿真与流动特性分析［J］. 火炮发射与控制学报, 2017, 38(2):15-19.
WANG M Y, WANG H. Numerical simulation and flow characteristics of muzzle flow field in ultra large caliber propelling gun［J］. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 2017, 38(2):15-19. (in Chinese)
［2］黄欢, 何永, 蔺月敬. 某迫击炮炮口流场数值模拟与分析［J］. 火炮发射与控制学报, 2012, 33(4):63-67.
HUANG H, HE Y, LIN Y J. Numerical simulation and analysis of mortar's muzzle flow field ［J］. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 2012, 33(4):63-67. (in Chinese)
［3］孙全兆, 范社卫, 王殿荣, 等. 某突击炮炮口流场数值模拟研究［J］. 弹道学报, 2019, 31(4):63-67.
SUN Q Z, FAN S W, WANG D R, et al. Numerical study of muzzle flow field of assault gun ［J］. Journal of Ballistics, 2019, 31(4):63-67. (in Chinese)
［4］ ZHUO C F, FENG F, WU X S, et al. Numerical simulation of the muzzle flows with base bleed projectile based on dynamic overlapped grids［J］. Computers & Fluids, 2014, 105:307-320.
［5］ KIM H J, KIM H, KIM C. Computations of homogeneous multiphase real fluid flows at all speeds［J］. AIAA Journal, 2018, 56(7): 2623-2634.
［6］ SEO J H, MITTAL R. A high-order immersed boundary method for acoustic wave scattering and low-Mach number flow-induced sound in complex geometries［J］. Journal of Computational Physics, 2011, 230(4):1000-1019.
［7］ GHIAS R, MITTAL R, DONG H. A sharp interface immersed boundary method for compressible viscous flows［J］. Journal of Computational Physics, 2007, 225(1):528-553.
［8］ JANG S, CHOUNG H, PARK S, et al. Investigation on noise of rotary compressors using fluid-structure interaction［J］. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2019, 33(11):5129-5135.
［9］吴伟,许厚谦.激波诱导燃烧流场模拟的无网格算法［J］.力学与实践,2013,35(6):19-23.
WU W, XU H Q. Meshless method for numerical simulation of shock-induced combustion［J］. Mechanics in Engineering, 2013, 35(6):19-23. (in Chinese)
［10］吴伟,许厚谦,王亮,等.基于无网格方法的膛口二次焰数值研究［J］.兵工学报,2014,35(12):1991-1997.
WU W, XU H Q, WANG L, et al. Numerical research on secondary muzzle flash using gridless method［J］. Acta Armamentarii, 2014,35(12):1991-1997. (in Chinese)
［11］ AURELL J, HOLDER A L, GULLETT B K, et al. Characterization of M4 carbine rifle emissions with three ammunition types［J］. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 254(Part A): 112982.
［12］ LI P F, ZHANG X B. Numerical research on the impinging effect of sequential muzzle blast waves formed by successive shooting at high frequency［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(9):1416-1427.
［13］王泽山. 含能材料概论［M］. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.
WANG Z S. Introduction to energetic materials［M］. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
［14］ WESTBROOK C K. Chemical kinetics of hydrocarbon oxidation in gaseous detonations［J］. Combustion and Flame, 1982, 46:191-210.
［15］ LEVY J M. Higher hydrocarbon combustion 1. Primary process in fuel-rich acetylene combustion［J］. Combustion and Flame, 1982, 46:7-16.
［16］ VEGUILLAS J, DIAZ M A, PALOMARES F. Rate coefficients for unimolecular chemical reactions［J］. Molecular Physics, 1983, 50(3):403-416.
［17］翁春生, 王浩. 计算内弹道学［M］. 北京：国防工业出版社, 2006.
WENG C S, WANG H. Computational interior ballistics［M］. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
［18］ KEE R J, RUPLEY F, MILLER J A. Chemkin-II: a fortran chemical kinetics package for the analysis of gasphase chemical and plasma kinetics:SAND 89-8009B［R］. Livermore, CA, US: Sandia National Laboratories, 1989.
［19］张小兵. 枪炮内弹道学［M］. 北京：北京理工大学出版社,2014.
ZHANG X B. Interior ballistics of guns［M］.Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2014. (in Chinese)

[1]	刘荣强，聂建新，焦清介，徐新春. JO-9C小尺寸传爆药驱动飞片影响因素模拟仿真研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(2): 246-253.
[2]	1：吴斌,陈刚；2：夏伟,汤勇,陈普庆. 大口径火炮身管主动冷却温度场分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2004, 25(3): 267-271.