Research on Behavior of Lightweight High-entropy Alloy Jet Penetrating Concrete Targets

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0642

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, the lightweight high-entropy alloys (LHEAs) have been widely used in shaped charge warhead due to their excellent mechanical properties and adaptability to detonation driving, which is expected to provide help for the lightweight design of shaped charge. The Johnson-Cook thermo-viscoplastic dynamic constitutive equation of CoCrFeNiTi five-element lightweight high-entropy alloy is obtained by the experiment of dynamic mechanical properties. Therefore, a multilayer charge structure with wave shaper is designed. The feasibility of using the material as a liner is verified through numerical simulation and experiment. The influence of liner thickness on its shaped jet is obtained. The results show that the increase in the thickness of liner can improve the head density of the shaped jet and help to improve the lateral effect. When the thickness of liner is 5mm, the jet can completely penetrate the four layers of 25mm-thick C40 concrete target and achieve the damage effect of large area collapse of the target plate. A penetrating channel with a diameter of about 75mm is formed inside the target.

Key words: lightweight high-entropy alloy, shaped charge, concrete target, penetration

CLC Number:

TJ410.3

LIU Chengzhe, WANG Haifu, ZHANG Jiahao, ZHENG Yuanfeng. Research on Behavior of Lightweight High-entropy Alloy Jet Penetrating Concrete Targets[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 60-69.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of collapse process of a conical liner

Fig.2 The experimental setup of Hopkinson bar

Table 1 Constitutive parameters of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy material

ρ_L/ (g·cm^-3)	A/ MPa	B/ MPa	n	C	m	T_m/ K
6.42	381	755	0.78	0.0352	0.76	1775

Table 2 Equation of state parameters of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy

C₀/(m·s^-1)	S	Γ
4902	1.53	1.90

Fig.3 LHEA alloy raw material (left) and liner (right)

Fig.4 Structure of shaped charge with LHEA liner

Fig.5 Simulation model of jet formation

Fig.6 Simulation model of jet penetration

Fig.7 Mesh convergence

Table 3 Partial J-C model parameters

材料	ρ_A/(g·cm^-3)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	c	m	T_m/K
铝合金	2.78	369	684	0.73	0.0083	1.7	775

Table 4 RHT strength model

ρ_C/(g·cm^-3)	SHEAR	F_c	F_T	F_S	A	N
2.3	0.153	1.67×10^-4	0.08	0	1.6	0.61

Table 5 JWL equation parameters of 8701 explosive

ρ_E/(kg·m^-3)	D/(km·s^-1)	A/GPa	B/GPa	E₀/(kJ·m^-3)	R₁	R₂	ω	p_C-J/GPa
1.71	8.315	524.23	7678	8.5×10⁶	4.2	1.1	0.34	28.6

Table 6 Lee-Tarver equation parameters of 8701 explosive

I	b	a	x	G₁	c	d	y	G₂	e	g	z	λ_igmax	λ_G1max	λ_G2max
44	0.222	0.01	4	414	0.222	0.667	2	400	0.222	1	1.2	0.3	1	1

Fig.8 Internal pressure action process of charge after detonation

Table 7 Calculated results of jet forming

Fig.9 Axial velocity of the jet with different δ

Fig.10 Process of jet penetrating into concrete target under different δ conditions

Fig.11 Results of jet penetrating into concrete target under different δ conditions

Fig.12 Experimental principle (left) and range layout(right)

Fig.13 Damage of concrete targets (left:damage to the edges,right:some frontal damage effects)

Table 8 Comparison of experimental and simulated results

仿真与试验结果 (δ=5mm)	侵彻深度/ mm	侵彻通道直径/mm
仿真结果	1000+/完全侵穿	71
试验结果	1000+/完全侵穿	75

References 21

[1]	BAKER W E. Explosion hazards and evaluation[M]. New York, NY, US:Elsevier,1983.
[2]	SHI J, HUANG Z H, ZU X D, etal. Cohesiveness and penetration performance of jet: theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 175:104543.
[3]	郑元枫, 王仕鹏, 李培亮, 等. 活性/金属串联爆炸成型弹丸侵爆耦合毁伤行为[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8):2273-2282. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0356
	ZHENG Y F, WANG S P, LI P L, et al. Combined damage behavior of penetration and blast of reactive/metal tandem EFPs[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8):2273-2282. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0356
[4]	SUN T, WANG H F, WANG S P, et al. Formation behaviors of rod-like reactive shaped charge penetrator and their effects on damage capability[J]. Defence Technology, 2024, 32(2):242-253.
[5]	张晓伟, 段卓平, 张庆明. 钛合金药型罩聚能装药射流成型与侵彻实验研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2014, 34(12):1229-1233.
	ZHANG X W, DUAN Z P, ZHANG Q M. Experimental study on the jet formation and penetration of conical shaped charges with titanium alloy liner[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2014, 34(12):1229-1233. (in Chinese)
[6]	XU W L, WANG C, CHEN D P. Formation of a bore-center annular shaped charge and its penetration into steel targets[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2019, 127:122-134.
[7]	任思远, 张庆明, 张晓伟, 等. 环形射流和中心爆炸成型弹丸组合战斗部对混凝土墙的破孔特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8):1569-1579.
	REN S Y, ZHANG Q M, ZHANG X W, et al. On the perforation characteristics of concrete wall induced by annular jet and central EFP combined warhead[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(8):1569-1579. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.001
[8]	YEH J W, CHEN S K, LIN S J, et al. Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: novel alloy design concepts and outcomes[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2004, 6(5):299-303.
[9]	CANTOR B, CHANG I T H, KNIGHT P, et al. Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2004, 375-377: 213-218.
[10]	GEORGE E P, RAABE D, RITCHIE R O High-entropy alloys[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2019, 4(8):515-534. doi: 10.1038/s41578-019-0121-4
[11]	卜叶强, 王宏涛. 多主元合金中的化学短程有序[J]. 力学进展, 2021, 51(4):915-919.
	BU Y Q, WANG H T. Short-range order in multicomponent alloys[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(4):915-919. (in Chinese)
[12]	鄢阿敏, 乔禹, 戴兰宏. 高熵合金药型罩射流成型与稳定性[J]. 力学学报, 2022, 54(8):2119-2130.
	YAN A M, QIAO Y, DAI L H. Formation and stability of shaped charge liner jet of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechani, 2012, 54(8):2119-2130. (in Chinese)
[13]	PUGH E M, EICHELBERGER R, ROSTOKER N. Theory of jet formation by charges with lined conical cavities[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1952, 23(5):532-536.
[14]	ZHANG Y, ZHOU Y J, LIN J P, et al. Solid-solution phase formation rules for multi-component alloys[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2008, 10(6):534-538.
[15]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains high strain rates and high temperatures[C]// Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics.The Hague, The Netherlands:,1983.
[16]	王维斌, 索涛, 郭亚洲, 等. 电磁霍普金森杆实验技术及研究进展[J]. 力学进展, 2021, 51(4):729-754.
	WANG W B, SUO T, GUO Y Z, et al. Experimental technique and research progress of electromagnetic Hopkinson bar[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(4):729-754. (in Chinese)
[17]	经福谦. 实验物态方程导引[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999:197-199.
	JING F Q. Experimental equation of state guidance[M]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 1999:197-199. (in Chinese)
[18]	LEE E L, TARVER C M. Phenomenological model of shock initiation in heterogeneous explosives[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1980, 23:2362-2372.
[19]	ZHENG Y F, ZHENG Z J, LU G C, et al. Mesoscale study on explosion-induced formation and thermochemical response of PTFE/Al granular jet[J]. Defence Technology, 2023, 23:112-125.
[20]	MA H B, ZHENG Y F, WANG H F, et al. Formation and impact-induced separation of tandem EFPs[J]. Defence Technology, 2020, 16(3):668-677. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.09.003
[21]	AUTODYN material library.ANSYS R17.2[R]. Livermore, CA, US: Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2016.