Study on Oblique Penetration of Metal Plate by Naval Gun Semi-armor-piercing Simulation Projectile

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0793

Abstract

Abstract:

Ship gun is one of the main weapons for attacking the targetsat sea, air and shore, and the penetration ability of semi-armor-piercing projectile for ship gun is an important index of evaluating its damage ability. Carrying out live-ship firing test is costly and lack of opportunities. In order to study the penetration ability of naval gun semi-armor-piercing projectile, a semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile is designed by referring to OTO Melara 127mm ammunition used by US MK-45 naval gun. On the basis of experiment, numerical simulation and empirical formula, the damage mode and crevasse size of target plate are analyzed. The experimental results show that, under the two plate inclination angles of 45° and 60° and two target velocities of 385m/s and 500m/s, the semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile has sufficient penetration ability to 12mm thick E36 steel plate, and the damage mode of simulation projectile to target plate is a thrust destruction. The average size of the crevasse is 1.25times the diameter of the projectile. The simulated results show that the calculated results including the residual velocity and breach are reasonably agreed with the experimental results.The calculated results of Thor’s formula are relatively close to the experimental results.After parameter optimization, the residual velocity error obtained by the experiment, empirical formula and simulation does not exceed 10%.

Key words: naval gun, semi-armor-piercing projectile, oblique penetration, homogeneous plate, residual velocity

CLC Number:

TJ412.⁺7

PEI Guiyan, NIE Jianxin, WANG Qiushi, JIAO Qingjie, DU Zhipeng, LI Ying. Study on Oblique Penetration of Metal Plate by Naval Gun Semi-armor-piercing Simulation Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 731-743.

Figures/Tables 28

Fig.1 Experiment layout of penetration of semi-armor-piercing projectile into target plate

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile

Fig.3 Simulation projectile

Fig.4 Ballistic gun

Table 1 Experiment condition

工况	实验序号	材料	靶板厚度/mm	靶板倾角/ (°)	预计着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)
1	1	E36	12	60	385
	2	E36	12	60	385
2	3	E36	12	45	385
	4	E36	12	45	385
3	5	E36	12	45	500
	6	E36	12	45	500

Table 2 Experimental results of projectile velocity

实验序号	高速摄像系统测得弹丸着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	靶前通断靶测得弹丸着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法着靶速度平均值/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法着靶速度相对差/%	高速摄像系统测得弹丸靶后速度/ (m·s^-1)	靶后通断靶测得弹丸靶后速度/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法靶后速度平均值/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法靶后速度相对差/%
1	387	389.00	388.00	-0.51	377	359.82	368.41	4.56
2	393	389.90	391.45	0.79	363	383.32	373.16	-5.60
3	384	378.38	381.19	1.46	357	—	357.00	—
4	393	387.86	390.43	1.31	370	312.81	341.41	15.46
5	500	499.70	499.85	0.06	444	472.40	458.20	-6.39
6	505	502.04	503.52	0.59	487	460.90	473.95	5.36

Fig.5 High speed photograph of penetration process

Fig.6 Projectile and plate images after penetration

Fig.7 Scanning images of experiment target plate

Table 3 Breach size

实验序号	破口尺寸 (A靶×B靶)/ (mm×mm)	破口面积/ cm²	平均破口面积/ cm²	有无撕裂
1	174.56×145.30	253.63	230.62	无撕裂
2	140.85×147.40	207.61		无撕裂
3	147.64×155.10	228.99	242.99	无撕裂
4	147.35×174.41	256.99		无撕裂
5	151.87×182.44	277.07	249.20	无撕裂
6	136.69×161.92	221.33		无撕裂

Fig.8 Finite element model of penetration of plate by semi-armor-piercing projectile

Table 4 Johnson-Cook model parameters of 30CrMnSiA[17]

弹性常数与密度					屈服应力和应变硬化参数
E/GPa	P_r		ρ/(kg·m^-3)		A/MPa	B/MPa	n		C	m
200	0.33		7850		550	101	0.08		0.1	0.55
断裂应变常数
D₁		D₂		D₃		D₄		D₅
0.3		0.9		2.8		-0.0123		0

Table 5 Johnson-Cook model parameters of E36[18]

弹性常数与密度					屈服应力和应变硬化参数
E/GPa	P_r		ρ/(kg·m^-3)		A/MPa	B/MPa		n		C	m
200	0.33		7850		355	190		0.22		0.008	1.27
断裂应变常数
D₁		D₂		D₃			D₄		D₅
-0.8		2.1		0.5			0		0

Table 6 Simulated results of penetration of plate by semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile

工况	靶板厚度/mm	靶板倾角/(°)	v₁/ (m·s^-1)	v₂/ (m·s^-1)	v₃/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%
1	12	60	390	361	371	-2.7
2	12	45	386	358	349	2.6
3	12	45	502	476	466	2.1

Fig.9 Simulated breaches of target plate

Table 7 Comparison of breach sizes

工况	实验平均破口面积/ cm²	仿真破口尺寸 (A靶×B靶)/ mm	仿真破口面积/cm²	相对差/%
1	230.62	140.7×130.6	183.75	20.30
2	242.99	152.9×130.4	199.38	17.94
3	249.2	149.1×129.2	192.64	22.70

Fig.10 Projectile and plate simulation image after penetration

Fig.11 Change of von Mises stress state at different stages of oblique penetration

Table 8 Stress states of target plate at different times of projectile penetration

Fig.12 Stress triaxiality of typical failure element during projectile penetration

Fig.13 Kinetic energy attenuation during projectile penetration

Fig.14 Influence of different oblique angles on residual velocity

Fig.15 Influence of different oblique angles on deflection angle

Table 9 c11-c15 coefficients of different target materials

材料	参数
材料	c₁₁	$c 1 2$	$c 1 3$	$c 1 4$	$c 1 5$
镁	6.904	1.092	-1.170	1.050	-0.087
铝合金2024T-3	7.047	1.029	-1.072	1.251	-0.139
铸铁	4.840	1.042	-1.051	1.028	0.523
表面硬化钢	4.356	0.674	-0.791	0.989	0.434
低碳均质钢	6.399	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019
高强度均质钢	6.475	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019

Table 9 c11-c15 coefficients of different target materials

材料	参数
材料	c₁₁	$c 1 2$	$c 1 3$	$c 1 4$	$c 1 5$
镁	6.904	1.092	-1.170	1.050	-0.087
铝合金2024T-3	7.047	1.029	-1.072	1.251	-0.139
铸铁	4.840	1.042	-1.051	1.028	0.523
表面硬化钢	4.356	0.674	-0.791	0.989	0.434
低碳均质钢	6.399	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019
高强度均质钢	6.475	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019

Table 10 Calculated, experimental and simulated result of residual velocity (m·s-1)

序号	贝尔金公式计算结果	Thor公式计算结果	Poncelet公式计算结果	实验测量结果	仿真结果
1	371.98	354.06	353.97	368.41	361
2	375.76	357.85	357.76	373.16
3	360.96	338.45	338.32	357.00	358
4	369.45	346.93	346.81	341.41
5	480.00	457.43	458.31	458.20	476
6	481.88	460.03	459.90	473.95

Fig.16 Comparison of calculated, experimental and simulated results of residual velocity

Table 11 Calibrated Thor formula results and experimental data of residual velocity

序号	Thor公式计算结果/(m·s^-1)	实验结果/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%
1	367.58	368.41	-0.23
2	371.38	373.16	-0.48
3	355.93	357.00	-0.30
4	364.42	341.41	6.74
5	475.05	458.20	3.68
6	477.65	473.95	0.78

Table 12 Calibrated Thor formula results and simulation data of residual velocity

着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	45°倾角			60°倾角
着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	Thor公式计算结果/ (m·s^-1)	仿真结果/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%	Thor公式计算结果/ (m·s^-1)	仿真结果/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%
300	276.18	279	-1.01	281.53	283	-0.51
350	326.14	329	-0.87	331.50	333	-0.45
450	426.07	428	-0.45	431.44	433	-0.36
500	476.04	478	-0.41	481.42	483	-0.33

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