Deformable Special-Shaped Projectile Impacting a High-strength Rock:Experiments and Analysis

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0278

Abstract

Abstract:

Fracturing a high-strength rockto collect the fragment samples by the kinetic energy of deformable special-shaped projectile has attracted much attention in the Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) sampling scheme. Three types of deformable special-shaped projectiles,i.e., petal penetrating, petal non-penetrating and oval penetrating, are designed to study theprojectile-target interaction and rock fracture mechanism. Based on 57mm lightgas gun and 14.5mm ballistic gun, the low-speed (71.4-280.0m/s) and high-speed (453.0-612.0m/s) impact experiments are carried out for a rock with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa to obtain the reflected velocity of projectile, mass of rock fragments, and diameter and depth of fracturing zone. Experimental results show that, in the low-speed impact experiments, two types of petal projectiles have lower reflected kinetic energy ratio and its reflection speed is reduced by 21.9%-42.8% compared to other projectiles; In the high-speed impact experiments, the projectile-target interaction of petal projectile is two-phase processes: multi-point simultaneous impact and Taylor rod impact, which increase the mass of fragments about three times than petal penetrating projectiles. The research inspires the designing of deformable special-shaped projectile and the comprehending of fracture mechanism of rocks under impact.

Key words: deformable special-shaped projectile, high-speed impact, high-strength rock, projectile-target interaction

CLC Number:

O347

REN Guang, WU Haijun, DONG Heng, LÜ Yingqing, HUANG Fenglei. Deformable Special-Shaped Projectile Impacting a High-strength Rock:Experiments and Analysis[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3793-3804.

Figures/Tables 27

Table 1 Chemical composition of tantalum rod %

C	O	N	H	Nb	Fe	Si	W	Ta
0.0070	0.0075	0.0020	0.0020	0.0003	0.0003	0.0010	0.0040	余量

Table 2 Basic physical and mechanical properties of tantalum (20℃)

密度/ (g·cm^-3)	热膨胀系数 (<100℃)	熔点/℃	泊松比	弹性模量/ GPa	屈服强度 (-100℃)/MPa	屈服强度 (500℃)/MPa
16.6	6.5×10^-6	2995.0	0.3	195.0	600.0	360.0

Fig.1 Three types of deformable special-shaped projectiles

Fig.2 Basalt target with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa

Fig.3 57mm light airgas gun platform

Fig.4 Projectile and tray assembled part

Fig.5 Envelope circle of fracture area

Table 3 Experimental results of low-speed impact of three types of projectiles on basalt target with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa

弹体类型	弹体质量/g	v_m/ (m·s^-1)	v_r/ (m·s^-1)	d_c/ mm	破碎粒度/mm	G/%
	10.7	71.4	11.0	9.0	≤1.0	2.4
T1	10.7	111.2	12.0	11.5	≤3.0	1.2
	10.7	279.0	22.9	17.5	≤12.0	0.7
	15.4	78.0	11.0	12.0	≤1.0	2.0
T2	15.4	110.6	15.6	16.5	≤3.0	2.0
	15.4	280.0	26.6	33.0	≤10.0	1.0
	11.7	82.5	20.5	8.0	≤1.0	6.6
T3	11.7	121.0	22.0	9.5	≤2.0	3.4
	11.8	260.0	34.7	13.5	≤5.0	1.8

Fig.6 Pprocesses of T1 projectile impacting on basalt targets

Fig.7 Deformation of T1 projectile after impacting the rock target at different speeds

Fig.8 Deformation of T2 projectile after impacting the rock target at different speeds

Fig.9 Deformation of T3 projectile after impacting the rock target at different speeds

Fig.10 Reflecting cone of projectile

Fig.11 Nominal reflection velocity and reflection velocity rangeunder the low-speed impact

Fig.12 The relationship among the reflection kinetic energy ratiosand incident kinetic energies of the three types of projectiles

Fig.13 Dimensionless crushing zone diameters of three types of projectiles versus incident kinetic energy

Fig.14 Experimental platform of 14.5mm ballistic gun

Table 4 Experimental results of high-speed impacts of T1 and T2 projectiles on basalt target with uniaxial compression strength of 180MPa

弹型	弹体质量/g	入射速度/ (m·s^-1)	破碎区直径/mm	开坑深度/mm	碎岩质量/g	N
	10.6	453.0	22.0	3.0	0.8	7.3
T1	10.5	458.0	28.0	4.0	2.2	7.0
	10.6	599.0	32.0	7.0	2.4	4.6
	10.5	600.0	33.0	7.0	2.8	4.7
	15.7	455.0	38.0	6.0	10.2	6.3
T2	15.7	465.0	40.0	7.0	11.7	5.7
	15.6	612.0	57.0	12.0	19.9	4.8
	15.7	610.0	55.0	11.0	19.8	5.0

Fig.15 Processes of T2 projectile impacting basalt target

Fig.16 Deformation of projectile

Fig.17 Multi-point simultaneous impact

Fig.18 Taylor rod impact of cylindrical section

Fig.19 Fragmentation zone formed by high-speed impact

Fig.20 Dimensionless fragmentation zone depth versus incident kinetic energy

Fig.21 Dimensionless fragmentation zone diameter versus incident kinetic energy

Fig.22 Shape coefficients of fragmentation zones of targets with different strengths

Fig.23 Fragmentation rock mass versusincident kinetic energy

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