Mechanical Testing of Biological Soft Tissue and Related Theoretical Research

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0444

Abstract

Abstract: Reasonable constitutive models and correct material parameters are the prerequisites for effective numerical calculation and target preparation to characterize the mechanical response of biological soft tissues under high-speed impact. The typical mechanical testing methods for biological soft tissues and materials are elaborated from single loading mode to shear loading and even mixed loading, and detailed theoretical derivation is carried out. The results show that: principal elongations under each loading mode are obtained, based on which the principal stress plane, maximum deformation value, and direction can be obtained to evaluate the maximum stress plane and damage degree of the biological soft tissue and its corresponding bionic target, which is convenient for in-depth exploration of the correlation between the microstructure of the biological soft tissue as well as simulated material design and their macro mechanical properties, with the aim of establishing a more scientific and reasonable bionic human target.

Key words: biologicalsofttissue, mechanicaltest, staticanddynamic, cnstitutivemodel, bionichumantarget

CLC Number:

O347

KANG Wei, XU Peng, BU Weiping, YUE Yanxian, WANG Lizhen, FAN Yubo. Mechanical Testing of Biological Soft Tissue and Related Theoretical Research[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9): 2164-2171.

References

［1］王丽珍, 樊瑜波. 过载性损伤与防护生物力学 [J]. 力学进展, 2020, 50(1): 202004.
WANG L Z,FAN Y B.The biomechanics of injury and prevention[J]. Advances in Mechanics,2020, 50(1): 202004.(in Chinese)
[2] 熊漫漫, 闫文敏, 徐诚, 等. 牛皮模拟靶标的弹道损伤特性[J].兵工学报, 2022, 43(1): 29-36.
XIONG M M,YAN W M,XU C,et al. Ballistic damage characteristics of cowhide as skin surrogate[J].Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(1): 29-36.(in Chinese)
[3] BIR C, VIANO D, KING A. Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts [J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2004, 37(1): 73-79.
[4] 唐刘建.人体靶标的制作与软防护下钝击效应研究[D].南京:南京理工大学, 2018.
TANG L J. Fabrication of human target and research on blunt impact effect under soft protection[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2018.（in Chinese）
[5] AVRIL S, EVANS S. Material parameter identification and inverse problems in soft tissue biomechanics[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer, 2017.
[6] FUNG Y C, COWIN S C. Biomechanics: mechanical properties of living tissues, 2nd ed [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1994, 61(4): 1007.
[7] 王宝珍, 胡时胜.冲击载荷下猪后腿肌肉的横向同性本构模型[J].爆炸与冲击, 2011, 31(6): 567-572.
WANG B Z,HU S S.A transversely isotropic constitutive model for porcine ham muscle under impact loading[J].Explosion and Shock Waves，2011, 31(6): 567-572. （in Chinese）
[8] 王宝珍, 胡时胜.猪肝动态力学性能及本构模型研究[J]. 力学学报, 2017, 49(6): 1399-1408.
WANG B Z, HU S S.Research on dynamic mechanical response and constitutive model of porcine liver[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017, 49(6): 1399-1408.（in Chinese）
[9] YANG L, SHIM V, LIM C. A visco-hyperelastic approach to modelling the constitutive behaviour of rubber [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2000, 24(6/7): 545-560.
[10] LU Y, ZHU H X, RICHMOND S, et al. A visco-hyperelastic model for skeletal muscle tissue under high strain rates[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2010, 43(13): 2629-2632.
[11] YU Y S, ZHAO Y P.Deformation of PDMS membrane and microcantilever by a water droplet: comparison between mooney-rivlin and linear elastic constitutive models [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2009, 332(2): 467-476.
[12] MOONEY M.A theory of large elastic deformation[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1940, 11(9): 582-592.
[13] OGDEN R W.Large deformation isotropic elasticity-on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1972, 326(1567): 565-584.
[14] TRELOAR L R G. The elasticity of a network of long-chain molecules. I[J].Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1943, 39: 36-41.
[15] GENT A N. A new constitutive relation for rubber [J]. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 1996, 69(1): 59-61.
[16] WEISS J A, MAKER B N, GOVINDJEE S. Finite element implementation of incompressible, transversely isotropic hyperelasticity[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1996, 135(1/2): 107-128.
[17] CRISCIONE J C, DOUGLAS A S, HUNTER W C. Physically based strain invariant set for materials exhibiting transversely isotropic behavior[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2001, 49(4): 871-897.
[18] ITO D, TANAKA E, YAMAMOTO S. A novel constitutive model of skeletal muscle taking into account anisotropic damage [J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2010, 3(1): 85-93.
[19] 王宝珍.肌肉类软组织动态力学性能研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2009.
WANG B Z. Study on dynamic mechanical properties of muscle soft tissue[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2009.(in Chinese)
[20] LOCKETT F J. Nonlinear viscoelastic solids[M]. New York,NY,US:Academic Press, 1972.
[21] BERNSTEIN B, KEARSLEY E, ZAPAS L. A study of stress relaxation with finite strain[J]. Transactions of the Society of Rheology,1963, 7(1): 391-410.
[22] FUNG Y C, SKALAK R. Biomechanics. Mechanical properties of living tissues[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1982, 49(2): 464.
[23] DEMIRAY H. A note on the elasticity of soft biological tissues[J].Journal of Biomechanics, 1972, 5(3): 309-311.
[24] YEOH O H. Some forms of the strain energy function for rubber[J].Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 1993, 66(5):754-771.
[25] PRANGE M T, MEANEY D F, MARGULIES S S. Defining brain mechanical properties:effects of region, direction, and species[J].Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2000, 44:205-213.
[26] VAN DOMMELEN J, VAN DER SANDE T, HRAPKO M, et al.Mechanical properties of brain tissue by indentation: interregional variation[J].Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2010, 3(2): 158-166.