基于非球形颗粒离散单元法分析单模块装药药粒散布特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究全等式模块装药背景下单模块装药点传火过程中火药颗粒群的散布特性及药粒堆积形态,提出三维非稳态气-固两相流模型,在取不同的模块药盒装填位置的初始条件下进行数值模拟,其中柱状火药颗粒由球元法构建。通过离散单元法(DEM)获得的数值结果与试验结果进行比较,发现上述模型是合理可行的,并且比球形颗粒模型更为精确。研究结果表明:在模块药盒初始装填位置距底火端分别为10mm、40mm、70mm和100mm时,终态药粒分布于模块药盒右端面外侧,依次呈水平堆积和坡状堆积;随着模块药盒与底火端的距离增加,水平堆积轴向长度从293.3mm减少至203.8mm,坡状堆积的坡角由22.01°降为19.82°,即随着模块药盒向右移动,药粒水平堆积起点右移,轴向长度呈线性缩短,但坡状堆积轴向长度大致不变,坡度变缓。

关键词: 火炮, 模块装药, 离散单元法, 柱状颗粒

Abstract:

A three-dimensional unsteady gas-solid two-phase flow model is proposed to investigate the distribution and stacking characteristics of propellant pellets during the ignition and flame-spreading processes of a single modular charge in the uni-modular charge. Numerical simulations are carried out under different initial conditions at the filling positions of modular cartridges, in which cylindrical pellets are constructed by the multi-element method. The numerical results obtained by the discrete element method (DEM) indicate good agreement with the experimental results, and that the cylindrical particle model is more accurate than the spherical particle model. The simulation results suggest that: when the modular cartridge’s initial loading location is 10mm, 40mm, 70mm, and 100mm from the primer, the pellets are finally distributed on the outside of the right end of the cartridge, showing horizontal and sloped stacking in turn; the axial length of horizontal stacking is reduced from 293.3mm to 203.8mm, and the angle of the sloped stacking decreases from 22.01° to 19.82° when the distance between the initial loading position of the modular cartridge and the primer increases from 10mm to 100mm; in other words, as the modular cartridge moves to the right, the starting point of horizontal stacking moves to the right, and the axial length decreases linearly; however, the axial length of sloped stacking is almost unchanged, and the slope becomes flat.

Key words: artillery, modular charge, discrete element method, cylindrical particles

李梓钰, 余永刚. 基于非球形颗粒离散单元法分析单模块装药药粒散布特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1330-1338.

LI Ziyu, YU Yonggang. Analysis of Propellant Pellets’ Dispersion Characteristics of Single Modular Charge Based on Discrete Element Method for Non-Spherical Particles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1330-1338.

图/表 14

图1 可视化点传火试验装置结构图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a visual experimental platform for the ignition and flame-spreading process

图2 柱状火药颗粒模型示意图

Fig.2 Diagram of the cylindrical propellent pellets

图3 柱状颗粒的碰撞机制

Fig.3 Collision mechanism of cylindrical particles

图4 柱状颗粒受力示意图

Fig.4 Diagram of forces and motion of the cylinder pellet

图5 试验装置示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of experimental devices

图6 计算模型结构示意图和柱状颗粒模型示意图

Fig.6 Geometry of the calculation model and the cylindrical pellet model

图7 1000ms时刻模块装药点传火试验序列图[20]

Fig.7 Sequence diagram of the modular charge’s ignition and flame-spreading experiment at 1000ms[20]

图8 终态药粒分布正视图(l0=40mm)

Fig.8 Front view of propellant pellets’ final distribution (l0=40mm)

图9 药粒堆积高度的试验值与数值模拟计算值

Fig.9 Exprimental and numerical values of propellant pellets’ stacking height

图10 不同时刻药室Z=0mm截面的压力分布

Fig.10 Pressure distribution of the Z=0mm section in the chamber at different moments

图11 不同时刻药室内的药粒速度分布及飞散形态

Fig.11 Velocity and distribution of propellant pellets in the chamber at different moments

图12 不同装填位置下的终态药粒堆积分布

Fig.12 Distribution of pellets under different working conditions

表1 药粒堆积特征参数

Table 1 Characteristic parameters of propellant pellet stacking

序号	装填轴向位置 l₀/mm	水平轴向堆积长度L/mm	坡状堆积坡度角 α/(°)
1	10	293.3	22.01
2	40	264.6	21.22
3	70	229.7	20.73
4	100	203.8	19.82

图13 水平堆积轴向长度与模块药盒装填轴向位置的关系

Fig.13 Relationship between the axial length of the horizontal stacking of propellant pellets and the horizontal loading position of the modular cartridge

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