浅水效应对水陆两栖车辆水动力性能影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0809

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喷水推进器是水陆两栖车辆在水面航行时的主动力,水陆交界地带不同航行深度下车体姿态与推进器进流条件存在较大差异,从而对推进性能产生显著影响。为研究水深条件下两栖车辆与喷水推进器的相互影响规律,以喷水推进式水陆两栖车辆为研究对象,采用有限体积法、剪切应力输运模型(Shear Stress Transport Model,SST)、流体体积(Volume of Fluid,VOF)两相流模型与动态流体-刚体相互作用模型(Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction,DFBI)对不同喷水推进器转速、不同水深条件下泵车一体化的两栖车辆水动力性能开展了数值计算。完成了网格不确定性分析,通过计算数值与试验结果对比验证了算法准确性,获得了泵车一体化水陆两栖车辆在不同航行条件下的运动规律、流场分布特性与水动力性能。研究结果表明:深水环境中,两栖车辆处于排水航行状态,车体姿态在低速航行时变化较大,从而影响了推进器内流体轴向流动稳定性;高速航行时车体航行状态与推进器的流量、扬程相对稳定;浅水环境中,两栖车辆在低速航行时处于亚临界状态,相较于深水环境中有着更大的纵倾角与下沉量,车体所受阻力较深水工况平均增加13.65%;高速航行时两栖车辆进入超临界状态,车体迅速上浮且航速与深水工况持平,稳定后姿态变化幅度较小,推进器性能稳定性有所提高;在不同深度的浅水环境中,低速航行时更浅环境中的车体受到浅水效应影响更明显、所受阻力更大,而高速航行时不同深度的两栖车辆水动力性能无明显区别;因此,两栖车辆经过浅水区域时应增大推进器输出功率,快速进入超临界状态以削弱浅水效应的影响。

关键词: 水陆两栖车辆, 泵车一体化, 水动力特性, 浅水效应, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

The water-jet propeller is main propulsion plant of amphibious vehicle when it navigates on the surface.There are significant differences in the vehicle body attitude and the inflow conditions of propeller at different navigation depths in the land-water interface zone,which significantly affects the propulsion performance.In order to study the mutual influence of amphibious vehicle and water-jet propeller under water depth conditions,this paper takes water jet propulsion amphibious vehicle as the research object,and uses the finite volume method,the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model,the volume of fluid (VOF) two-phase flow model and the dynamic fluid body interaction (DFBI) motion model to numerically calculate the hydrodynamic performance of the pump-vehicle-integrated amphibious vehicle at different rotational speeds of water-jet propeller under different water depth conditions.The grid uncertainty is analyzed,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by comparing the calculated values with the experimental results.The motion law,flow field distribution characteristics and hydrodynamic performance of the pump-vehicle-integrated amphibious vehicle under different navigation conditions were obtained through analysis.The results show that,in the deep water environment,the amphibious vehicle is in the drainage sailing state,and the body attitude of vehicle changes greatly when sailing at a low speed,which affects the stability of the axial flow of fluid in the propeller; the body sailing state of vehicle and the flow rate and head of propeller are relatively stable when sailing at a high speed.In shallow water environment,the amphibious vehicle is in subcritical state when sailing in low speed and has larger longitudinal inclination and sinking amount than those in deep water environment,and the resistance of the vehicle body is increased by 13.65% on average.When sailing at high speed,the amphibious vehicle enters into the supercritical state,the vehicle body floats up rapidly,and the sailing speed is the same as that under the deep water condition.And after the stabilisation,the amplitude of attitude change is small,and the stability of propeller performance is improved.In the shallow water environment with different depths,the vehicle body in the shallower water environment is more obviously affected by the shallow water effect and is subjected to greater resistance during low-speed navigation,while there is no obvious difference in the hydrodynamic performance of amphibious vehicle at different depths during high-speed navigation.Therefore,the amphibious vehicle should increase the output power of the propeller when passing through the shallow water area and quickly enters the supercritical state to reduce the influence of shallow water effect on it.

Key words: amphibious vehicle, pump-vehicle-integration, hydrodynamic characteristics, shallow water effect, computational fluid dynamics

肖子寻, 刘昊然, 陈泰然, 黄彪, 王国玉. 浅水效应对水陆两栖车辆水动力性能影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(9): 240809-.

XIAO Zixun, LIU Haoran, CHEN Tairan, HUANG Biao, WANG Guoyu. Influence of Shallow Water Effect on Hydrodynamic Performance of Amphibious Vehicles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(9): 240809-.

图/表 22

图1 喷水推进两栖车辆几何模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the geometric model of a water-jet propelled amphibious vehicle

表1 喷水推进两栖车辆几何尺寸及性能参数表[22]

Table 1 Geometrical sizes and performance parameters of water jet propelled amphibious vehicle[22]

两栖车辆参数	数值	喷水推进器参数	数值
总长L/m	2.14	叶轮直径/mm	149.5
总宽B/m	0.87	喷口直径d/mm	105
总高/m	0.52	设计转速/(r·min^-1)	2340
质量M/kg	240.05	流量/(m³·s^-1)	0.108
		扬程/m	7.12

图2 计算域和边界条件设置

Fig.2 Calculation domain and boundary condition settings

图3 计算域整体网格、自由表面与叶轮细化网格划分

Fig.3 Overall meshing of computational domain,and free surface and impeller refinement meshing

图4 两栖车辆及矢量喷水推进器壁面y+分布云图

Fig.4 y+ distribution cloud maps of amphibious vehicle and vector water-jet propeller wall

表2 计算数值不确定性分析

Table 2 Computational numerical uncertainty analysis

物理量	S₁	S₂	S₃	R_s	P	D_e	U_s	U_v	$E S 2$
前进方向合力/N	61.19	59.68	56.89	0.54	0.89	62.37	3.02	4.34	2.69
纵倾角/(°)	-1.75	-1.70	-1.61	0.55	0.85	1.80	0.11	0.14	0.10
升沉/mm	-61.30	-61.75	-62.70	0.48	1.06	62.91	3.02	4.34	2.69

表2 计算数值不确定性分析

Table 2 Computational numerical uncertainty analysis

物理量	S₁	S₂	S₃	R_s	P	D_e	U_s	U_v	$E S 2$
前进方向合力/N	61.19	59.68	56.89	0.54	0.89	62.37	3.02	4.34	2.69
纵倾角/(°)	-1.75	-1.70	-1.61	0.55	0.85	1.80	0.11	0.14	0.10
升沉/mm	-61.30	-61.75	-62.70	0.48	1.06	62.91	3.02	4.34	2.69

图5 两栖车辆拖模试验[22]

Fig.5 Amphibious vehicle drag mold test[22]

图6 试验结果与数值计算结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of experimental and calculated results

图7 推进器转速与两栖车辆速度、姿态演化特性

Fig.7 Evolution of propeller rotational speed,with amphibious vehicle velocity and attitude

图8 低速与高速时两栖车辆兴波状态

Fig.8 Amphibious vehicle wave-making states at low and high speeds

图9 两栖车辆纵倾角与推进器扬程、流量演化特性

Fig.9 Evolution of amphibious vehicle longitudinal inclination with propeller lift and flow

图10 推进器性能与叶轮进口面平均加速度演化特性

Fig.10 Evolution of propeller performance with impeller inlet surface mean acceleration

图11 两栖车辆纵倾角与推进器速度不均匀性、扬程、流量

Fig.11 The longitudinal inclination of amphibious vehicle and the velocity inhomogeneity,lift,and flow Parameters of propeller

图12 推进器速度不均匀性变化与叶间流场SI参数分布对比

Fig.12 Propeller velocity inhomogeneity variation versus SI parameter distribution in the inter-lobe flow field

图13 深水、浅水环境两栖车辆纵倾角演化特性

Fig.13 Characteristics of longitudinal inclination evolution of amphibious vehicles in deep and shallow water environments

图14 深水、浅水环境两栖车辆升沉量与弗劳德数演化特性

Fig.14 Characteristics of amphibious vehicle lift and sink and Fourier number evolution in deep and shallow water environments

表3 不同环境下两栖车辆航行特征

Table 3 Navigation characterisitics of amphibious vehicle in different environments

加速阶段	环境	Fr,Fr_h	航行状态	升沉量
第1次	深水	<1	排水航行
第1次	浅水	<1	亚临界状态	下沉量较大
第2次	深水	<1	排水航行	略微上浮
第2次	浅水	>1	超临界状态	大幅上浮

图15 深水、浅水环境两栖车辆速度与阻力演化特性

Fig.15 Velocity and drag characteristics of amphibious vehicle in deep and shallow water environments

图16 不同水深下两栖车辆瞬态启动过程水动力性能

Fig.16 Hydrodynamic characteristics of amphibious vehicles during transient startup in different water depths

图17 深水、浅水环境推进器流量演化特性

Fig.17 Characteristics of propeller flow changes in deep and shallow water environments

图18 低转速下深水、浅水环境推进器叶间流场SI参数分布

Fig.18 SI parameter distributions of interblade flow fields of propellers in deep water and shallow water environment at low rotational speeds

图19 深水、浅水环境下推进器扬程演化特性

Fig.19 Characteristics of propeller head evolution in deep and shallow water environments

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