带切缝PELE的侵彻破碎特性及毁伤后效

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0898

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步提升横向效应增强型侵彻体(Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect,PELE)的靶后毁伤效能,提出一种带螺旋切缝的新型结构PELE。在基于试验验证数值仿真模型有效性的基础上,借助有限元方法结合断裂软化和随机失效算法,对不同结构PELE的侵彻、破碎及后效进行研究,并分析旋转速度和方向对螺旋切缝PELE破碎及毁伤效能的影响。通过试验对比常规PELE和螺旋切缝PELE的靶后破片散布及毁伤效能。研究结果表明:PELE侵彻12mm厚4340钢靶分为开孔和扩孔两个阶段;侵彻过程中,常规PELE壳体破碎较为随机,切缝PELE裂纹沿切缝方向进行扩展;轴向切缝PELE裂纹初始扩展始于靠近弹/靶接触界面位置;螺旋切缝PELE裂纹始于弹/靶接触界面处,沿切缝向弹尾扩展,同时破片周向受到拉应力作用发生拉伸断裂;螺旋切缝PELE破碎程度在3种PELE中最高,且破片的尺寸大小及散布最均匀,其破片散布范围与常规PELE和轴向切缝PELE相比分别增大了38%和42%;常规和轴向切缝PELE的靶后破片呈锥形分布,而螺旋切缝PELE的破片近似呈平面分布;弹丸旋转方向与螺旋切缝转向相反时,射弹破碎更均匀,破片散布更均匀,且破片穿透后效靶的穿孔直径普遍更大。

关键词: 横向效应, 螺旋切缝, 冲击破碎, 数值模拟

Abstract:

To further enhance the post-target damage effectiveness of the penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE),a PELE design with spiral slits is proposed.Based on the experimental validation of the numerical simulation model,the penetration,fragmentation and after-effects of PELEs with different structures are studied using the finite element method and the fracture softening and random failure algorithms.The impacts of rotational speed and direction on the fragmentation and damage effectiveness of PELE with spiral slits are also analyzed.The post-target fragmentation dispersions and damage effectivenesses of conventional PELE and PELE with spiral slits are compared through experiments.The results indicate that the penetration of PELE into a 12mm-thick 4340 steel target is divided into two stages:hole formation and hole expansion.During penetration,the fragmentation of the conventional PELE shell is relatively random,while the cracks in PELE with spiral slits propagate along the direction of slits.The initial crack propagation of PELE with axial slits starts near the projectile/target contact interface.The cracks in PELE with spiral slits initiate at the projectile/target contact interface and extend toward the tail along the slit,and the fragments undergo tensile fracture due to circumferential tensile stress.The fragmentation degree of PELE with spiral slits is the highest among three types of PELEs,and its fragment size and dispersion are the most uniform.The dispersion range of its fragments is increased by 38% and 42%,respectively,compared to the conventional PELE and PELE with axial slits.The post-target fragments of conventional PELE and PELE with axial slits exhibit a conical distribution,while the fragments of PELE with spiral slits are approximately planar in distribution.When the rotational direction of projectile is opposite to the slit direction,its fragmentation is more uniform,the fragment dispersion is more even,and the perforation diameter in the target is generally larger.

Key words: lateral effect, spiral slit, impact crushing, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TJ410.3

顾敏辉, 唐奎, 王金相, 夏靖雯, 李渊博, 王鸿飞. 带切缝PELE的侵彻破碎特性及毁伤后效[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240898-.

GU Minhui, TANG Kui, WANG Jinxiang, XIA Jingwen, LI Yuanbo, WANG Hongfei. Penetration Fragmentation Characteristics and Damage After-effects of PELE with Slits[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240898-.

图/表 25

图1 PELE结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the structures of two types of PELEs

图2 螺旋切缝PELE有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model of PELE with spiral slits

表1 材料参数[29]

Table 1 Material parameters[29]

材料	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	Gruneisen 系数	Hugoniot参数 c₀/(km·s^-1)	Hugoniot 参数s	剪切模量/ MPa	屈服应力/ MPa	侵蚀几何应变	失效塑性应变
95W钨合金	18.000		4.03	1.237	1.3902×10⁵	1.5×10³	0.6
聚乙烯	0.920	1.6	2.90	1.480	1.30×10²	2.0×10¹	1.8
4340钢	7.823		4.57	1.490	7.70×10⁴	8.0×10²		1.2
7075铝	2.800		5.20	1.360	2.67×10⁴	4.0×10²		1.2

表2 试验和仿真的破碎效果对比

Table 2 Comparison of the fragmentation effects betwee experiments and simulation

工况	内芯	v/(m·s^-1)
1	铝合金	925
2	铝合金	1261
3	聚乙烯	936
4	聚乙烯	1262

表3 试验与仿真速度数据对比

Table 3 Comparison between experimental and simulation velocity data

工况	最大径向速度/(m·s^-1)			轴向剩余速度/(m·s^-1)
工况	试验值	仿真值	误差/%	试验值	仿真值	误差/%
1	184	193	4.9	895	878	-1.9
2	243	227	-6.6	1231	1219	-1.0
3	94	99	5.3	889	901	1.3
4	145	154	6.2	1206	1226	1.7

表4 不同时刻PELE侵彻及飞散情况

Table 4 PELE penetration and dispersion at different times

切缝方式	时间/μs
切缝方式	10	20	35	80	150
无切缝
轴向切缝
螺旋切缝

图3 25μs时刻弹体速度分布及受压状态

Fig.3 Velocity distribution and compression state of projectile at 25μs

图4 PELE侵彻分段

Fig.4 Segmentation diagram of PELE penetration

图5 轴向切缝PELE裂纹的演化过程

Fig.5 Evolution process of cracks in PELE with axial slits

图6 螺旋切缝PELE裂纹的演化过程

Fig.6 Evolution process of cracks in PELE with spiral slits

图7 螺旋切缝PELE周向裂纹的演化过程

Fig.7 Evolution process of circumferential cracks in PELE with spiral slits

图8 不同结构PELE有效破片质量分布

Fig.8 Effective fragment massdistributions of PELEs with different structures

图9 不同结构PELE有效破片质心分布

Fig.9 Distribution of effective fragment centroids of PELEs with different structures

图10 不同结构PELE最大毁伤直径

Fig.10 Maximum damage diameters of PELEs with different structures

图11 不同结构PELE有效破片平均径向速度及飞散范围

Fig.11 Average radial velocity and dispersion range of effective fragments of PELE s with different structures

图12 螺旋切缝PELE靶后破片分布

Fig.12 Distribution of fragments of PELE with spiral slits behind target

表5 不同工况最大穿孔直径

Table 5 Maximum perforation diameters under different working conditions

旋转方向	转速大小/ (r·s^-1)	着靶速度/(m·s^-1)
旋转方向	转速大小/ (r·s^-1)	600	800	1000	1200
逆时针	500	94.95	121.51	98.64	87.39
	1000	98.63	123.68	102.73	89.46
	1 500	98.41	130.63	104.75	97.17
	2000	95.63	133.11	112.45	86.98
顺时针	500	93.82	110.93	99.48	91.18
	1000	83.93	111.06	99.98	88.34
	1500	80.86	109.76	98.78	88.74
	2000	80.65	119.63	99.13	86.32

图13 不同工况下破片最大穿孔直径

Fig.13 Maximum perforation diameters of fragments under different working conditions

图14 800m/s时后效靶最大穿孔直径

Fig.14 Maximum perforation diameter of witness plate at 800m/s

图15 后效靶各区穿孔直径

Fig.15 Perforation diameter of each area on aftereffect target

图16 试验样弹照片

Fig.16 Photograph of sample projectile

图17 试验场地布置

Fig.17 Experimental site layout

表6 试验数据

Table 6 Experimental data

序号	射弹类型	质量/g	着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	初始动能/ kJ	后效靶穿孔范围直径/mm
1	常规PELE	169.5	962.3	78.5	258.2
2	螺旋切缝PELE	163.8	972.4	77.4	296.8

图18 后效靶毁伤情况

Fig.18 Damage situation of witness plate

图19 破片破碎情况

Fig.19 Fragmentation situation

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