横向效应增强侵彻体撞击靶板后破片径向速度预测模型的对比分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0533

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步对具有横向效应增强的侵彻体(Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect,PELE)侵彻金属靶板后破片的最大径向速度进行有效预测,采用数值模拟与理论分析的方法,对PELE撞击靶板时的碰撞压力、径向压力和破片停止加速时间进行详细的对比分析。研究结果表明:弹性波理论低估了PELE撞击靶板时的碰撞压力,而冲击波理论的计算结果与实际情况更加吻合;轴向压力全部转换为径向压力而不是一定比例转换;当壳体达到最大失效应变时,壳体开始破碎,并停止加速更符合实际情况。通过上述分析改进了径向速度模型,并分别与弹性波模型、冲击波模型和试验结果进行对比,在碰撞压力较大时,新模型能够对PELE侵彻金属靶板后破片的最大径向速度进行有效预测。

关键词: 侵彻体, 横向效应增强, 碰撞压力, 径向压力, 改进径向速度模型

Abstract:

In order to effectively predict the maximum radial velocity of fragments formecd after a penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE) penetrating a metal target plate,the collision pressure,radial pressure,and fragment stop acceleration time when the PELE impacts the target plate are analyzed through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis method.The results show that the elastic wave theory underestimates the collision pressure when the PELE impacts the target plate,and the calculated results of the shock wave theory are more consistent with the actual situation.The axial pressure is all converted to radial pressure instead of a certain proportion.When the shell reaches the maximum failure strain,it starts to break and stops accelerating,which is more consistent with the actual situation.The radial velocity model is improved based on the above analysis,and compared with the elastic wave model,shock wave model and test results,respectively.When the collision pressure is high,the proposed model is able to effectively predict the maximum radial velocity of fragments after the PELE penetrates into the metal target plate.

Key words: penetrator, enhanced lateral effect, impact pressure, radial pressure, improved radial velocity model

中图分类号:

TJ410.3

王展翾, 李欣田, 徐立志, 杜忠华. 横向效应增强侵彻体撞击靶板后破片径向速度预测模型的对比分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240533-.

WANG Zhanxuan, LI Xintian, XU Lizhi, DU Zhonghua. Comparative Study on Predictive Models for Radial Velocities of Fragments after PELE Impacting on Target Plates[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240533-.

图/表 22

图1 PELE侵彻薄金属靶板的有限元模型

Fig.1 Finite element model of PELE penetrating a thin metal target plate

表1 材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters

材料	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	c/(km·s^-1)	S₁	Grüneisen 常数	E/GPa	拉伸主应变	拉伸主应力/GPa	断裂软化算法	随机失效算法	侵蚀应变
钨合金	18.00	4.029	1237	0	360.0	0.035	2.8	是	是	0.6
A-G3铝	2.650	5.176	1.350	1.97	63.90			否	否	0.8
PE	9.200	2.187	1.481	1.64	1.060			否	否	0.8
尼龙^[33]	1.130	2.290	1.630	0.87	23.00			否	否	0.8
XC48钢	7.823	4.797	1.490	0.00	201.0			否	否
A-U4G铝	2.800	5.106	1.350	2.00	74.00			否	否

图2 PELE破碎形态的数值模拟与试验效果对比

Fig.2 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of PELE ofragmentation patterns

图3 选取的两个指标

Fig.3 Two selected metrics

图4 靶后破片轴向剩余速度的数值模拟与试验结果对比

Fig.4 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of fragment axial residual velocity behind the target

图5 靶后破片径向速度的数值模拟与试验结果对比

Fig.5 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of fragment radial velocity behind the target

图6 剩余长度的数值模拟与试验结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of residual length

图7 最大开口直径的数值模拟与试验结果对比

Fig.7 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of maximum opening diameter

表2 数值模型工况参数

Table 2 Numerical model parameters

编号	弹芯材料	靶板材料	靶板厚度/mm	冲击速度/ (m·s^-1)
1	A-G3铝	A-U4G铝	3	300~2 700
2	A-G3铝	XC 48钢
3	PE	A-U4G铝
4	PE	XC 48钢
5	尼龙	A-U4G铝
6	尼龙	XC 48钢

表3 不同速度下碰撞压力(铝弹芯)

Table 3 Impact pressure curve at different velocities(aluminium filling)

靶板材料	碰撞压力仿真结果	最终碰撞压力对比
A-U4G铝
XC 48钢

表4 不同速度下碰撞压力(PE和尼龙弹芯)

Table 4 Imapct pressure curves at different velocities(PE and nylon filling)

弹芯材料	靶板材料	碰撞压力仿真结果	最终碰撞压力对比
PE	A-U4G铝
PE	XC 48钢
尼龙	A-U4G铝
尼龙	XC 48钢

表5 尼龙弹芯PELE撞击靶板碰撞压力

Table 5 Pressure of PELE impacting on target plate with nylon filling GPa

靶板材料	冲击速度/(m·s^-1)
靶板材料	300	2700
A-U4G铝	0.79	12.37
XC 48钢	0.87	15.84

图8 碰撞压力与弹芯材料屈服强度的比值

Fig.8 The ratio of impact pressure to yield strength of core material

图9 两种模型与数值模拟的K值

Fig.9 K values of two models and numerical simulations

表6 两种计算模型

Table 6 Two calculation models

模型	碰撞压力	径向压力	破片停止加速
3	p_b=ρ_ac_a(u_b-u_a)+ρ_as $(u b - u a) 2$	σ_r=σ_x_,_f	ε_r,lim(t)= $μ f σ x (t) (1 - μ f) E f$
4	p_b=ρ_ac_a(u_b-u_a)+ρ_as $(u b - u a) 2$	σ_r=σ_x_,f	ε_max=0.035

表6 两种计算模型

Table 6 Two calculation models

模型	碰撞压力	径向压力	破片停止加速
3	p_b=ρ_ac_a(u_b-u_a)+ρ_as $(u b - u a) 2$	σ_r=σ_x_,_f	ε_r,lim(t)= $μ f σ x (t) (1 - μ f) E f$
4	p_b=ρ_ac_a(u_b-u_a)+ρ_as $(u b - u a) 2$	σ_r=σ_x_,f	ε_max=0.035

图10 最大径向速度对比结果

Fig.10 Comparative results of maximum radial velocity

表7 文献[23]中试验工况参数

Table 7 Experimental condition parameters in Ref.[23]

编号	弹芯			靶板		冲击速度/ (m·s^-1)
编号	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	泊松比	弹性模量/GPa	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	厚度/ mm	冲击速度/ (m·s^-1)
7	1.09	0.45	10.7	7.85	2	632
8	1.09	0.45	10.7			711
9	1.09	0.45	10.7			811
10	1.09	0.45	10.7			890
11	0.96	0.40	28.3			775
12	1.40	0.33	68.1			802

图11 对比结果

Fig.11 Comparative results

表8 文献[21]中试验工况参数

Table 8 Experimental condition parameters in Ref.[21]

编号	弹芯			靶板			冲击速度/ (m·s^-1)
编号	材料	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	泊松比	密度/ (g·cm^-3)		厚度/ mm	冲击速度/ (m·s^-1)
13	6061铝	2.70	0.33		2.800	3	798
14	6061铝	2.70	0.33				806
15	聚四氟乙烯	2.15	0.41				802
16	聚四氟乙烯	2.15	0.41				809

图12 改进径向速度模型与冲击模型和弹性波模型的计算结果以及试验结果[21]对比

Fig.12 Comparison of calculated results of improved radial velocity model,impact model,and elastic wave model,as well as experimental results[21]

图13 改进径向速度模型与冲击模型和弹性波模型的计算结果以及试验结果[5]对比(A-U4G铝弹芯)

Fig.13 Comparison of calculated results of improved radial velocity model,impact model,and elastic wave model, as well as experimental results[5]( A-U4G Al filling)

图14 改进径向速度模型与冲击模型和弹性波模型的计算结果以及试验结果[5]对比( PE 弹芯)

Fig.14 Comparison of calculated results of improved radial velocity model,impact model, and elastic wave model,as well as experimental results[5] (PE filling)

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