爆炸冲击毁伤的虚拟场景仿真

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对模拟和再现爆炸冲击试验的三维场景可视化需求,基于虚拟仿真技术,结合爆炸场相关计算模型,搭建了一个用于研究和预测爆炸冲击波对目标的毁伤过程及毁伤效应的虚拟仿真系统。系统采用分层架构,涵盖场景管理、交互设计、威力表征与可视化仿真等层级,支持爆炸参数灵活配置、目标模型动态加载及多视角交互分析,能够适应不同类型和规模的爆炸场景。此外,基于Niagara粒子系统与物理引擎实时渲染技术,系统精准表征了火焰、烟雾、冲击波传播及目标毁伤效果如混凝土破碎、车辆结构变形等,并通过动态烟雾浓度调节功能优化观测清晰度。仿真系统以高度逼真的图形界面观察爆炸冲击的动态过程及物理现象,并支持用户在三维场景中的多视角及可缩放观察,从而提升研究的直观性和理解深度,大幅减少了实际试验的时间和成本,提供了一种安全、可靠且经济的研究手段。

关键词: 虚拟仿真, 快速可视化, 爆炸冲击波, 易损性, 毁伤效应

Abstract:

For the three-dimensional scene visualization of simulating and reproducing the explosive shock experiments, a virtual simulation system,which is designed for studying and predicting the damage process and effects of explosive shockwaves on targets, is built based on virtual simulation technology and the related explosive field calculation models. The system adopts a layered architecture, covering the scene management, interaction design, power calculation and visualization simulation, and supporting the flexible configuration of explosion parameters, dynamic loading of target models and multi-perspective interaction analysis, which can adapt to different types and scales of explosion scenes. Furthermore, based on Niagara particle system and physics engine real-time rendering technology, the system accurately characterizes the flame, smoke, shockwave propagation and target damage effects, such as concrete crushing, vehicle structure deformation, etc., and optimizes the observation clarity through the dynamic smoke concentration adjustment function. The simulation system provides a highly realistic graphical interface to observe the dynamic processes and physical phenomena of explosive shocks, and supports the multi-perspective and scalable observation in 3D scene. This enhances the intuitiveness and depth of understanding in research, significantly reducing the time and cost of actual experiments, and offering a safe, reliable and cost-effective research method.

Key words: virtual simulation, rapid visualization, explosive shockwave, target vulnerability, damage effect

张雷, 许香照. 爆炸冲击毁伤的虚拟场景仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250336-.

ZHANG Lei, XU Xiangzhao. Virtual Scene Simulation of Blast-induced Impact Damage[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250336-.

图/表 14

图1 仿真系统的整体架构

Fig.1 Overall architecture of the simulation system

图2 仿真系统工作流程

Fig.2 Workflow of simulation system

图3 爆炸冲击波传播过程

Fig.3 Explosive shockwave propagation process

图4 爆炸过程及爆炸效应的表征

Fig.4 Characterization of the explosion process and explosion effects

图5 烟雾浓度对爆炸场景的影响

Fig.5 Effect of smoke concentration on explosionscene

图6 混凝土目标的裂纹及破碎效果的表征

Fig.6 Characterization of cracking and crushing effects on concrete targets

表1 混凝土目标的毁伤等级及其表征

Table 1 Damage levels and characterization of concrete targets

图7 典型车辆目标的三维模型

Fig.7 3D model of a typical vehicle target

图8 不同冲击方向和强度对车辆目标的影响

Fig.8 Effects of different impact intensities on vehicle target in different impact directions

图9 目标位置及角度设置

Fig.9 Target position and angle setting

表2 虚拟试验场景中各目标详细信息

Table 2 Detailed information of targets in the virtual scene

编号	场景坐标(x,y)	旋转角度/(°)	炸源距离/cm
车辆1	(240,500)	90	554.6
车辆2	(0,-700)	30	700
混凝土1	(360,-440)	45	568.5
混凝土2	(-240,0)	0	240
混凝土3	(800,-50)	0	801.6
混凝土4	(-800,800)	30	1131.4

图10 初始化虚拟仿真场景

Fig.10 Initialization of the virtual simulation scene

图11 爆炸冲击目标的毁伤过程及结果

Fig.11 Damage process and results of blast impact on target

表3 虚拟试验场景中各目标冲击波参数

Table 3 Shockwaveparameters of each target in the virtual test scene

目标编号	距离炸源位置/cm	超压峰值/ MPa	正冲量/ (kPa·ms)	正压作用时间/ms
混凝土1	568.5	0.208	965.589	5.884
混凝土2	240	1.186	1607.835	3.823
混凝土3	801.6	0.104	664.497	6.987
混凝土4	1131.4	0.055	338.826	8.301
车辆1	554.6	0.218	984.599	5.812
车辆2	700	0.136	789.676	6.529

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