基于实验伤道的数字人破片伤计算模型及构建方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0572

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对国内缺乏基于实验伤道的数字人破片伤计算方法及模型系统化研究的需求,提出了实验伤道数字人破片伤模型构建方法,构建了高精度人体几何模型,通过开展破片侵彻生物组织试验及数值仿真研究获得了破片侵彻人体组织的实验伤道计算模型,明确了破片侵彻组织器官深度及孔径与人员损伤的量化判据,基于Qt平台和OpenGL技术开发了数字人破片伤计算软件,开展了单破片命中确定部位和单破片不同角度命中人体两种典型算例研究。系统地提出数字人破片伤计算方法并构建了高精度模型软件,可为战场人员破片伤损伤评估、杀爆类战斗部打击下减员预测以及人员损伤防护提供科学支撑。

关键词: 破片伤, 数字人, 人员易损性, 损伤判据, 损伤预测

Abstract:

This research has significant practical significance for enhancing defense strategies and has attracted significant attention from scholars worldwide. There is a lack of systematic research on the calculation methods and models for digital human fragment injuries based on experimental wound ballistics in China. A construction method for digital human fragment injury model is proposed, and a high-precision human geometric model is established. The injury calculation models are derived from the fragment penetration experiment and numerical simulation. The quantitative criteria for the penetrating depth and aperture of fragment into the human tissues and organs, as well as personnel injury are established. A digital human fragment injury calculation software is developed using Qt platform and OpenGL technology, and the representative cases of single fragment hitting a specific part of human body and hitting the human body at different angles are studied. The digital human fragment injury calculation method and the associated high-precision model software are proposed to offer scientific support for battlefield fragment injury assessment, casualty prediction during warhead attacks, and personnel protection strategies.

Key words: fragment injury, digital human, personnel vulnerability, injury criteria, injury prediction

樊壮卿, 王硕, 李翔宇, 王建民, 张双博, 李冠桦, 陈菁, 卢芳云. 基于实验伤道的数字人破片伤计算模型及构建方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250572-.

FAN Zhuangqing, WANG Shuo, LI Xiangyu, WANG Jianmin, ZHANG Shuangbo, LI Guanhua, CHEN Jing, LU Fangyun. Computational Model and Construction Method for Digital Human Fragment Injuries Based onExperimental Wound Ballistics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250572-.

图/表 18

图1 基于实验伤道的数字人破片伤计算模型构建流程

Fig.1 Construction process of digital human fragment injury calculation model based on experimental wound ballistics

图2 高精度人体几何模型构建流程

Fig.2 Construction process of high-precision human geometric model

图3 高精度人体几何模型典型器官示意

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of typical organs in high-precision human geometric model

表1 高精度人体几何模型组织类型及名称

Table 1 Tissue types and names in high-precision human geometric model

部位	包含组织类型及名称
头颈部	皮肤、骨骼(颅骨、下颌骨、7节颈椎、会厌软骨)、肌肉(降眉肌等40组肌肉丛)、器官(大脑、小脑、脑干、眼球、咽口部、鼻)、血管(颈动静脉)
躯干部	皮肤、骨骼(肩胛骨、肋骨、胸骨、锁骨、胸椎、腰椎、尾椎、髋骨)、肌肉(冈上肌等32组肌肉丛)、器官(气管、肺、食管、心脏、胃、肝、胆、肾、肠、胰脏、膈肌)、血管(腹腔动脉)
上肢(左右)	皮肤、骨骼(肱骨、桡骨、尺骨、手部骨)、肌肉(肱二头肌等21组肌肉丛)、血管(上臂动脉),左右肢相同
下肢(左右)	皮肤、骨骼(股骨、髌骨、腓骨、胫骨、脚部骨)、肌肉(股直肌等28组肌肉丛)、血管(股动脉),左右肢相同

图4 实验伤道模型构建流程

Fig.4 Construction process of experimental wound ballistics model

图5 破片侵彻生物组织布放示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of fragment penetrating into biological tissue

图6 不同速度破片侵彻典型组织结果

Fig.6 Results of fragment penetrating into typical tissues at different speeds

表2 破片侵彻长白猪部分组织结果统计

Table 2 Statistical results of fragment penetrating into typical tissues of oig

名称	侵彻厚度/cm	入口速度/ (m·s^-1)	出口速度/ (m·s^-1)	入口尺寸/ cm²	出口尺寸/ cm²
肌肉	9.07	298.75	144.34	0.6×0.6	0.2×0.2
股骨	1.8	572.44	436.51	—	—
肋骨	1	655.92	587.6	1.8×1.5	2.2×2.1

表3 股骨及肋骨减速模型系数

Table 3 Deceleration model coefficients for femur and rib

名称	a/ (kg·m^-3)	b/ (kg· m^-2·s^-1)	c/ (kg·(m^-1·s^-2)
股骨	362.85	349909.89	11949835.23
肋骨	499.82	139812.86	38284378.08

表4 股骨及肋骨穿孔模型系数

Table 4 Perforation model coefficients for femur and rib

名称	α	β
股骨	7.037	0.95
肋骨	1.484	0.44

图7 量化损伤损伤判据构建流程

Fig.7 Construction process of quantitative injury criteria

表5 基于穿深及孔径的破片伤量化判据

Table 5 Fragment injury quantification criteria based on penetration depth and aperture

损伤严重度(组织器官受损深度/cm与直径/cm)
部位	轻伤		中度伤		重度伤		危重伤		即刻死亡
组织/器官	深度	直径	深度	直径	深度	直径	深度	直径	深度	直径
头颈部
头颈部皮肤、肌肉	0.5	1	1	3	1	10	-	-	-	-
颌面部皮肤、肌肉	0.5	1	1	5	3	5	-	-	-	-
颈部皮肤、肌肉	0.5	1	1	5	3	5	-	-	-	-
颅盖骨	-	-	1	1	1	2	2	5	-	-
颅底骨	-	-	1	1	1	2	2	4	-	-

图8 数字人破片伤计算软件框架

Fig.8 Framework of digital human fragment injury calculation software

图9 破片与人体几何模型交会示意

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of intersection between fragments with human geometric model

图10 质量1g速度500m/s破片打击人体胸部计算结果

Fig.10 Calculation results of 1g fragment striking human chest at 500m/s

表6 破片侵彻途径伤道尺寸及损伤等级

Table 6 Wound ballistics dimensions and injury severity levels

编号	侵彻组织器官	穿深/cm	穿孔直径/cm	损伤等级
1	皮肤	0.2	2.99	轻度伤
2	胸腔肌肉	1.6	2.99	轻度伤
3	肋骨	0.74	1.51	轻度伤
4	肺脏	13.73	2.72	中度伤
5	气管	1.3	2.72	危重伤
6	肩胛骨	2.53	1.50	中度伤

图11 对应人体某截面的射击线遍历板计算方式示意

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of shooting line traversal calculation method for a specific cross-section of human body

图12 破片遍历打击人体损伤结果展示

Fig.12 Injury results from fragment traversally striking the human body

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