人员易损性分析研究进展及应用综述

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0094

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人员是战场中的核心要素,是最易损、最复杂的对象之一,其易损性研究涉及力学、数学、统计学、医学、生物学等多学科交叉,研究难度大,但对于开展杀伤效能评估、防护效能、战伤救治等具有重要价值。通过总结不同目标易损性分析的文献,提出损伤评分及杀伤判据是人员易损性分析中的两个重要环节。回顾了人员损伤评分的研究现状,重点介绍了4种常用评分方法(简明创伤评分、损伤严重度评分、校正损伤严重度指数、军用战伤评分)及应用情况;给出了典型战场环境中冲击波、投射物、冲击振动、热4种主要杀伤元对无防护人员损伤的研究动态、评估模型、杀伤判据。分析了基于数字化人体模型开展的人员易损性分析应用技术,探讨了易损性分析结果的主要应用场景,分析了该领域可能的主要发展方向。所得结果可为人员易损性研究提供重要参考。

关键词: 战场人员, 易损性, 创伤评分, 损伤判据, 减员预测

Abstract:

Personnel is the core element in the battlefield, and is one of the most vulnerable and complex objects.The personnel vulnerability research involves the mechanics, mathematics, statistics, medicine, biology and other disciplines, which is difficult to study, but it is of great value to carry out the assessment of lethal efficacy, protective efficacy, and rescue of battle wounds. By summarizing the literatures on vulnerability analysis of different targets, this paper proposes that damage score and kill criteria are two important links in personnel vulnerability analysis. Based on this, the current research status of personnel damage scoring is reviewed. Four commonly-used scoring methods, including abbreviated injury scale (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), adjusted severity of injury index(ASII) and military combat injury scale(MCIS), and their applications are introduced, and the research dynamics, assessment models, and kill criteria of the four main killing elements (shock wave, projectile, shock vibration, and heat) on the damage of unprotected personnel in typical battlefield environments are presented. On this basis, the application technology of personnel vulnerability analysis based on digitalization mannequins is analyzed, the main application scenarios of vulnerability analysis results are discussed, and the possible major development directions in this field are analyzed. This paper can provide an important reference for the research of personnel vulnerability.

Key words: battlefield personnel, vulnerability, trauma score, injury criteria, casualty prediction

中图分类号:

TJ012.4
TJ41

樊壮卿, 张双博, 卢芳云, 李彤华, 康建毅, 杨光明, 王建民. 人员易损性分析研究进展及应用综述[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 2888-2905.

FAN Zhuangqing, ZHANG Shuangbo, LU Fangyun, LI Tonghua, KANG Jianyi, YANG Guangming, WANG Jianmin. A Review of Research Advances in Personnel Vulnerability Analysis and Application[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 2888-2905.

图/表 28

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序号	伤情描述	损伤参数				评分最大值M
序号	伤情描述	E	G	ST	SD	评分最大值M
1	外部损伤	0~6	0~5	0~3	1~4	56
2	骨折	0~5	0~4	0~3	1~2	24
3	烧伤	0~6	0~4	0~3	1~4	52
4	咽喉损伤	0~4	0~4	0~4	1~5	60
5	气管损伤	0~3	0~4	0~4	1~5	55
6	肺损伤	0~7	0~4	0~5	1~4	64
7	心脏损伤	0~4	0~4	0~4	1~4	48
8	腹部空腔脏器伤	0~8	0~5	0~3	1~3	48
9	腹部实质脏器伤	0~5	0~4	0~2	1~4	44

序号	伤情描述	损伤参数				评分最大值M
序号	伤情描述	E	G	ST	SD	评分最大值M
1	外部损伤	0~6	0~5	0~3	1~4	56
2	骨折	0~5	0~4	0~3	1~2	24
3	烧伤	0~6	0~4	0~3	1~4	52
4	咽喉损伤	0~4	0~4	0~4	1~5	60
5	气管损伤	0~3	0~4	0~4	1~5	55
6	肺损伤	0~7	0~4	0~5	1~4	64
7	心脏损伤	0~4	0~4	0~4	1~4	48
8	腹部空腔脏器伤	0~8	0~5	0~3	1~3	48
9	腹部实质脏器伤	0~5	0~4	0~2	1~4	44

第1位损伤严重度 1~5级	第2位身体区域 1~5个	第3位组织类型 0~9	第4位区域明细	第5位损伤类型
1-轻度损伤	1-头颈	1-整个区域,2-皮肤,3-肌肉、肌腱、韧带、关节,4-神经脊索,5-骨骼,6-血管,7-头部、颈胸部组织,8-腹部组织,9-骨盆组织,0-其他	与第2、3位相关的区域内具体器官(例如第3位取8时,1-肝脏)	与第2、3位相关的定义,例如1-挤压、2-撕裂、3-缺损
2-中度损伤	2-躯干
3-重度	3-上肢
4-极重	4-下肢
5-可能致死	5-多部位

第1位损伤严重度 1~5级	第2位身体区域 1~5个	第3位组织类型 0~9	第4位区域明细	第5位损伤类型
1-轻度损伤	1-头颈	1-整个区域,2-皮肤,3-肌肉、肌腱、韧带、关节,4-神经脊索,5-骨骼,6-血管,7-头部、颈胸部组织,8-腹部组织,9-骨盆组织,0-其他	与第2、3位相关的区域内具体器官(例如第3位取8时,1-肝脏)	与第2、3位相关的定义,例如1-挤压、2-撕裂、3-缺损
2-中度损伤	2-躯干
3-重度	3-上肢
4-极重	4-下肢
5-可能致死	5-多部位

编码	部位/描述(头颈部-整体)
51111	头部挤压伤
51112	头部离断
51113	颅骨缺失、颅内容物脱出
41121	面部穿透伤或爆炸伤,伤及单眼或双眼,未伤及气道
51124	面部穿透伤或爆炸伤,伤及单眼或双眼,伤及气道
41122	穿透伤或爆炸伤,造成口、面部骨骼、软组织破坏, 未伤及气道
51123	穿透伤或爆炸伤,造成口、面部骨骼、软组织破坏, 伤及气道
编码	部位/描述(头颈部-皮肤)
11203	头、颈部开放性伤口
21204	头、面、颈部开放性伤口,深及肌肉/失去通信-无工作能力