三明治结构复合材料对甲烷-空气混合气体爆炸传播规律的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究非金属芯层三明治结构复合材料对甲烷-空气混合气体爆炸传播规律的影响,利用自主搭建的爆炸管网实验平台,开展不同芯层材料(聚偏二氟乙烯(Polyvinylidene Fluoride,PVDF)泡沫板、三角帆蚌贝壳和高吸水性树脂(Super Absorbent Polymer,SAP)胶体)的爆炸实验,分析非金属芯层复合材料对爆炸超压、火焰传播速度、火焰温度以及熄爆参数影响规律。研究结果表明:三明治结构复合材料对甲烷-空气混合气体爆炸传播具有良好的抑制效果;当芯层为PVDF泡沫板时,对火焰温度的抑制效果最好;当芯层材料为SAP胶体时,对爆炸超压和火焰传播速度的抑制效果最好,且后端熄爆参数为9.20MPa·℃,表现出优异的抑爆效果。

关键词: 复合材料, 气体爆炸, 三明治结构, 非金属芯层, 衰减率, 传播规律

Abstract:

The influence of sandwich structural composites with non-metallic core layer on the explosion propagation law of methane-air mixture is studied.The explosion experiments of the materials with different core layers,such as polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)foam board,hyriopsis cumingii shell and super absorbent polymer(SAP)colloid,are conducted on a self-developed experimental explosion pipe network platform.The influence rules of the sandwich structural composites with non-metallic cores on the explosion overpressure,flame propagation velocity,flame temperature and quenching parameter are analyzed.The research indicates that the sandwich structura; composites with non-metallic cores have good inhibition effects on the explosion propagation of methane-air mixture.Specifically,the composite material with PVDF foam board core layer shows the best inhibition effect on the flame temperature.The composite material with SAP colloid core layer shows the best inhibition effect on the explosion overpressure and flame propagation velocity,and its back-end quenching parameter is 9.20MPa·℃.Accordingly,the composite material with SAP colloid core layer has excellent explosion suppression properties.

Key words: composite material, gas explosion, sandwich structure, non-metallic core layer, decay rate, propagation law

中图分类号:

X932

张保勇, 张义宇, 陶金, 王亚军, 刘传海, 韩永辉, 孙曼. 三明治结构复合材料对甲烷-空气混合气体爆炸传播规律的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231148-.

ZHANG Baoyong, ZHANG Yiyu, TAO Jin, WANG Yajun, LIU Chuanhai, HAN Yonghui, SUN Man. Influence of Sandwich Structural Composites on the Explosion Propagation Law of Methane-air Mixture[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231148-.

图/表 13

图1 三明治结构复合材料组成示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the composition of sandwich structural composites

图2 爆炸管网实验平台

Fig.2 Explosion pipe network experimental platform

表1 实验材料设计参数

Table 1 Experimental material design parameters

实验工况编号	上下面板	体密度/ (g·cm^-3)	面板厚度/ mm	芯层	芯层厚度/ mm
Exp.1	泡沫铁镍	0.4~0.5	10
Exp.2	泡沫铁镍		10	PVDF泡沫板	5
Exp.3	泡沫铁镍		10	三角帆蚌贝壳	5
Exp.4	泡沫铁镍		10	SAP胶体	5

图3 三明治结构复合材料实物图

Fig.3 Physical image of sandwich structural composites

图4 爆炸超压随传播距离的变化

Fig.4 Variation of explosion overpressure with propagation distance

表2 不同芯层的三明治结构复合材料爆炸超压下降速率和超压衰减率对比

Table 2 Comparison of explosion overpressure decay rates and overpressure decrease rates sandwich structural composites with different core layers

实验工况编号	p_max/ MPa	p_i/ MPa	dp/dt/ (MPa·s^-1)	ζ/%
Exp.1	0.707	0.525	13.48	25.74
Exp.2	0.641	0.181	34.56	71.76
Exp.3	0.736	0.477	20.65	38.19
Exp.4	0.637	0.128	49.39	79.65

图5 爆炸超压抑制效果

Fig.5 Explosion overpressure suppression effect

图6 火焰传播速度与传播距离的变化

Fig.6 Variation of flame propagation velocity with propagation distance

图7 火焰传播速度抑制效果

Fig.7 Flame velocity suppression effect

图8 火焰温度随传播距离的变化

Fig.8 Variation of flame temperature with propagation distance

表3 不同芯层三明治结构复合材料火焰温度衰减率和熄爆参数

Table 3 Flame temperature decay ratios and quenching parameters of sandwich structural composites with different core layers

实验工况编号	T/℃			T_max-T_i/℃	η/%	θ₁/(MPa·℃)	θ₂(MPa·℃)
实验工况编号	T1	T2	T3	T_max-T_i/℃	η/%	θ₁/(MPa·℃)	θ₂(MPa·℃)
Exp.1	971.830	1213.557	539.448	674.109	55.55	857.985	283.210
Exp.2	1191.612	1501.398	124.163	1377.235	91.73	962.396	22.474
Exp.3	1112.450	1457.640	355.401	1102.239	75.62	1072.823	169.526
Exp.4	1027.891	1423.811	137.163	1286.648	90.37	906.968	17.557

图9 熄爆参数

Fig.9 Quenching parameters

图10 不同芯层三明治结构复合材料抑爆效果示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of explosion suppression effects of sandwich structural composites

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