线性聚焦式杀伤战斗部破片飞散特性及规律

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0672

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

线性聚焦式杀伤战斗部通过装药母线设计和破片排布设计,使破片等速线性飞散聚焦,可对目标造成结构性切割毁伤。为研究线性聚焦式杀伤战斗部结构参数对破片飞散聚焦行为的影响规律,采用流固耦合算法开展线性聚焦战斗部破片聚焦过程数值模拟。数值模拟结果揭示线性聚焦式杀伤战斗部破片线性聚焦机理,典型线性聚焦过程包括破片驱动阶段、破片聚焦阶段、聚焦完成阶段和破片发散阶段。通过数值模拟获得战斗部尺寸、破片排布、破片质量以及交汇速度对破片飞散特性和穿孔分布的影响规律。研究结果表明:随装药长度从0.3m增加至0.5m,破片速度标准差从125m/s增加至147m/s,聚焦完成时间分别为490μs、585μs和590μs,穿孔分布宽度从135mm增加至234mm;随破片排布从15列增加至18列,破片速度标准差从117m/s增加至125m/s,聚焦完成时间分别为470μs和490μs,穿孔分布宽度分别为235mm和135mm;随破片质量从4.08g增加至9.21g,破片速度标准差从137m/s降低至125m/s,聚焦完成时间分别为 380μs 和490μs,穿孔分布宽度分别为156mm和135mm;随交汇速度从0m/s增加至1000m/s,聚焦完成时间分别为490μs、480μs和469μs,穿孔分布宽度从135mm增加至138mm,破片密度从640枚/m²降低至630枚/m²,降幅约2%。研究结果能为聚焦战斗部设计提供支撑。

关键词: 线性聚焦战斗部, 战斗部结构参数, 飞散聚焦行为, 破片飞散特性

Abstract:

Linear focusing fragment warhead makes the fragments disperse at an equal velocity and focus linearly by taking advantage of the design of charge generatrix and fragment arrangement, which can exert structural cutting damage to a target. In order to study the influence of structural parameters of linear focusing fragment warhead on the dispersion characteristics of fragments, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) algorithm is used to numerically simulated the focusing process of fragments. The numerically simulated results reveal the linear focusing mechanism of linear focusing fragment warhead. The typical linear focusing process includes fragment driving stage, fragment focusing stage, focusing completion stage and fragment dispersion stage. The effects of warhead size, fragment arrangement, fragment mass and intersection velocity on the dispersion and spatial distribution characteristics of fragments are further obtained by numerical simulation. The results show that, with the increase in charge length from 0.3m to 0.5m, the standard deviation of fragment velocity increases from 125m/s to 147m/s, the focusing completion time is 490μs, 585μs and 590μs, respectively, and the width of perforation dense distribution increases from 135mm to 234mm. When the fragment arrangement increases from 15 columns to 18 columns, the standard deviation of fragment velocity increases from 117m/s to 125m/s, the focusing completion time is 470μs and 490μs, respectively, and the width of perforation dense distribution increases from 235mm and 135mm respectively. When the fragment mass increases from 4.08g to 9.21g, the standard deviation of fragment velocity decreases from 137m/s to 125m/s, the focusing completion time is 380μs and 490μs, and the width of perforation dense distribution is 156mm and 135mm, respectively. When the interaction speed increases from 0m/s to 1000m/s, the focusing completion time is 490μs, 480μs and 469μs, respectively, the width of perforation dense distribution increases from 135mm to 138mm, and the density of fragment distribution decreases from 640/m² to 630/m² with a rate of about 2%. The research results can provide guidance and reference for the design of focusing warhead.

Key words: linear focusing fragment warhead, warhead structure parameter, fragment dispersion and focusing behavior, fragment dispersion characteristic

中图分类号:

TJ410

王晋, 刘一泽, 张鸿宇, 闫月光, 王海福, 葛超. 线性聚焦式杀伤战斗部破片飞散特性及规律[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 161-173.

WANG Jin, LIU Yize, ZHANG Hongyu, YAN Yueguang, WANG Haifu, GE Chao. Dispersion Characteristics and Rule of Fragments of Linear Focusing Fragment Warhead[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 161-173.

图/表 33

图1 战斗部结构、破片排布方式和装药外形[18,21]

Fig.1 Warhead structure, fragment arrangement and shape of charge[18,21]

图2 战斗部数值模拟模型

Fig.2 FSI numerical simulation model of warhead

表1 TNT炸药材料模型参数[26]

Table 1 Parameters of material model of TNT[26]

密度/ g·cm^-3	D_CJ/ (m·s^-1)	P_CJ/ GPa	E₀/ GPa	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	V
1.63	6.9	19.4	6.9	307	3.9	1.0

表2 空气材料模型参数[27]

Table 2 Parameters of material model of air[27]

ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	C/ (m·s^-1)	γ₀	S₁	S₂	S₃
1.25×10^-3	344	1.4	0	0	0

表3 钨破片材料模型参数[28]

Table 3 Parameters of material model of W[28]

密度/(kg·m^-3)	E/GPa	υ	σ₀/MPa	E_tan/GPa
17600	324	0.303	670	4050

表4 钢破片及靶板材料模型参数[29]

Table 4 Parameters of material model of steel[29]

密度/(kg·m^-3)	E/GPa	υ	σ₀/MPa	E_tan/GPa
7830	210	0.3	355	10

图3 传统杀爆战斗部破片场

Fig.3 Fragment field of traditional fragment warhead

图4 线性聚焦战斗部破片场

Fig.4 Fragment field of linear focusing fragment warhead

图5 不同阶段的破片飞散特性

Fig.5 Fragment dispersion characteristics at different stages

图6 装药长度对破片速度分布影响

Fig.6 Effect of charge length on fragment velocity distribution

图7 装药长度对破片速度分布标准差影响

Fig.7 Effect of charge length on standard deviation of fragment velocity distribution

图8 不同装药长度条件下破片飞散角随时间变化

Fig.8 Variation of fragment dispersion angle with time under different charge lengths

图9 不同装药长度条件下聚焦带宽度随时间变化

Fig.9 Variation of focusing band width with time at different charge lengths

图10 不同装药长度线性聚焦战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.10 Perforation distribution of linear focusing fragment warhead

图11 不同装药长度传统杀爆战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.11 Perforation distribution of traditional fragment warheads with different charge lengths

图12 破片排布对破片速度分布影响

Fig.12 Effect of fragment arrangement on fragment velocity

图13 破片排布对破片速度分布标准差影响

Fig.13 Effect of fragment arrangement on standard deviation of fragment velocity

图14 不同破片排布条件下破片飞散角随时间变化

Fig.14 Variation of fragment dispersion angle with time ubder different fragment arrangements

图15 不同破片排布条件下聚焦带宽度随时间变化

Fig.15 Variation of focusing band width with time under different fragment arrangements

图16 不同破片排布线性聚焦战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.16 Perforation distribution of linear focusing fragment warhead under different fragment arrangements

图17 不同破片排布传统杀爆战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.17 Perforation distribution of traditional fragment warhead under different fragment arrangements

图18 破片质量对破片速度分布影响

Fig.18 Effect of fragment mass on velocity distribution

图19 破片质量对破片速度分布标准偏差影响

Fig.19 Effect of fragment mass on standard deviation of fragment velocity

图20 不同破片质量条件下破片飞散角随时间变化

Fig.20 Variation of fragment dispersion angle with time under different fragment masses

图21 不同破片质量条件下聚焦带宽度随时间变化

Fig.21 Variation of focusing band width with time under different fragment masses

图22 不同破片质量线性聚焦战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.22 Perforation distribution of linear focusing fragment warhead under different fragment masses

图23 不同破片质量传统杀爆战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.23 Perforation distribution of traditional fragment warhead under different fragment masses

图24 不同交汇速度条件下破片飞散角随时间变化

Fig.24 Variation of fragment dispersion angle with time at different interaction speeds

图25 不同交汇速度条件下破片聚焦带宽度随时间变化

Fig.25 Variation of focusing band width with time at different interaction speeds

图26 不同交汇速度下线性聚焦战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.26 Perforation distribution of linear focusing fragment warhead at different interaction speeds

图27 不同交汇速度下传统杀爆战斗部穿孔分布

Fig.27 Perforation distribution of traditional fragment warhead at different interaction speeds

图28 交汇速度对穿孔分布宽度影响

Fig.28 Effect of interaction speed on width of perforation distribution

图29 交汇速度对破片密度影响

Fig.29 Effect of interaction speed on density of fragments

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