杆式EFP侵彻特性及其影响因素研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0682

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对杆式爆炸成型侵彻体(Explosively formed penetrator,EFP)的侵彻能力问题,利用数值仿真手段开展杆式EFP侵彻特性研究,分析杆式EFP成型形态、着靶速度及材料特性对其侵彻能力的影响,得到杆式EFP成型特征参数在侵彻过程中的影响规律。研究结果表明:杆式EFP在侵彻过程中,除初始阶段(碰撞后)和最后阶段(杆侵蚀后)外,弹体保持恒定速度运动,满足恒速杆假设;稳定侵彻时,随着密实部长度的逐渐减小,中空尾裙部材料不断流入密实部补充其侵蚀损失。增加弹体长度可以在一定程度上提高EFP的侵彻能力,但归一化侵彻深度下降;提高着靶速度和密实部长度可以显著提升杆式EFP侵彻性能。杆式EFP的强度对侵彻的影响有限,但靶体强度不可忽略,弹靶材料密度是影响侵彻体侵彻的主要因素。

关键词: 终点效应, 爆炸成型侵彻体, 侵彻性能, 数值仿真

Abstract:

For the penetration efficiency of rod-shaped explosively formed penetrator (EFP), the numerical simulation method is used to study the penetration characteristics of rod-shaped EFP. The influences of forming shape, impact velocity, and material characteristics of rod-shaped EFP on its penetration ability are analyzed, and the influence law of rod-shaped EFP forming characteristic parameters on the penetration process is obtained. The research results indicate that the rod-shaped EFP maintains a constant velocity motion during the penetration process, except for the initial stage (after collision) and the final stage (after rod erosion), satisfying the assumption of a constant velocity rod. When stable penetration occurs, the hollow tail skirt material continuously flows into the dense part to supplement its erosion loss with a gradual decrease in the length of the dense part. The length of the projectile can be increased to improve the penetration ability of EFP to a certain extent, but the normalized penetration depth decreases. The impact velocity and the length of dense part can be Increased to significantly enhance the penetration performance of rod-shaped EFP. The strength of rod-shaped EFP has a limited impact on penetration, but the target strength cannot be ignored. The density of target material is the main factor affecting the penetration of the projectile.

Key words: terminal effect, explosively formed penetrator, penetration performance, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TJ410

王雅君, 郁锐, 李伟兵, 李文彬. 杆式EFP侵彻特性及其影响因素研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 174-182.

WANG Yajun, YU Rui, LI Weibing, LI Wenbin. Research on the Penetration Characteristics of Rod-shaped EFP and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 174-182.

图/表 15

图1 杆式EFP侵彻数值仿真模型

Fig.1 Numerical simulation model of rod-shaped EFP penetration

表1 材料参数[15⇓-17]

Table 1 Material parameters[15⇓-17]

参数	纯钽	45号钢
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	16.69	7.83
A/MPa	187	507
B/MPa	267	320
n	0.38	0.28
C	0.054	0.064
m	0.45	1.06
D₁	3.061	0.1
D₂	1.726	0.76
D₃	-2.012	1.57
D₄	-0.015	0.005
D₅	-0.776	-0.84
c/(cm·μs^-1)	0.3414	0.4569
S₁	1.2	1.49
S₂	0	0
S₃	0	0
γ₀	1.6	2.17
a	0	0.46
E₀/(J·m^-3)	0	0

图2 杆式EFP侵彻试验布置图

Fig.2 Layout diagram of rod-shaped EFP penetration test

图3 杆式EFP仿真、试验侵彻形态对比

Fig.3 Comparison of simulated and test results of rod-shaped EFP penetration

图4 侵彻过程中杆式EFP各部分速度分布

Fig.4 Velocity distribution of rod-shaped EFP during penetration

图5 杆式EFP侵彻过程中弹靶Mises等效应力分布

Fig.5 Von Mises stress distribution of rod-shaped EFP and target during penetration

图6 杆式EFP侵彻过程中杆式EFP形态变化

Fig.6 Shape changes of rod-shaped EFP during penetration

图7 不同形态EFP侵彻深度随时间变化曲线

Fig.7 Variation curves of EFP penetration depth over time

图8 归一化侵彻深度与侵彻体长度变化关系

Fig.8 Relationship between normalized penetration depthand length variation

图9 不同着靶速度下杆式EFP侵彻情况对比

Fig.9 Comparison of rod-shaped EFP penetration under different impact velocities

图10 不同速度下EFP侵彻深度对比曲线

Fig.10 Changing curves of EFP penetration depth at different velocities

图11 不同速度5种材料杆式EFP归一化侵彻深度随密度变化曲线

Fig.11 Changes of normalized penetration depths of rod-shaped EFPs with different materials with material density

图12 相同密度不同本构关系杆式EFP归一化侵彻深度随屈服强度变化曲线

Fig.12 Change of normalized penetration depth of rod-type EFPs with same density but different constitutions with yield strength

图13 侵彻不同材料靶体归一化侵彻深度随密度变化曲线

Fig.13 Variation curves of normalized depth penetrating into target plates made of different materials with target density

图14 不同强度杆式EFP归一化侵彻深度随密度变化曲线

Fig.14 Variation curves of normalized penetration depth of rod-type EFPs with different strengths with density

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