二维慢烤模型点火位置及其温度的理论推演

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为理论分析凝聚炸药慢速烤燃过程,并为慢速烤燃点火点位置研究奠定理论基础。根据炸药的热传导理论方程,利用叠加原理和分离变量法,将炸药非反应性热传导项与自热反应热传导项拆分,推导得到凝聚炸药二维慢速烤燃模型的温度分布解析解。计算并分析了自热反应温度场随时间和炸药尺寸的变化规律。根据慢烤试验结果,对理论计算得出的点火点位置、点火温度及时间进行了验证。研究结果表明:理论确定的点火时间、点火点位置与试验测量的点火时间、点火点位置相符。炸药自热反应最高温度所在位置随其尺寸的增加,由中心移动至边缘角落。随着试验时间的增加,自热反应温度分布趋于稳定。就尺寸为ϕ76×190mm的RDX炸药而言,发生点火时自热反应温度分布与点火前80000s时的自热反应温度分布一致。

关键词: 弹药, 慢速烤燃, 点火点位置, 热传导, 解析解

Abstract:

According to the theoretical equation of heat conduction of explosives, the non-reactive heat conduction term of explosives is separated from the self-heating reaction heat conduction term by using the superposition principle and the separation variable method, which lays a theoretical foundation for the theoretical analysis of slow cook-off process of condensed explosives and the study on the ignition point of slow cook-off. Therefore the analytical solution of temperature distribution for two-dimensional slow cook-off model of condensed explosives is derived. The variation of the temperature field of self-heating reaction with time and explosive size is calculated and analyzed. The ignition position, ignition temperature and ignition time calculated theoretically are verified by the results of slow cook-off test. The results show that the ignition time and ignition position determined by theory are consistent with those measured by experiment. With the increase of the size, the position of the highest temperature of self-heating reaction of explosive moves from the center to the edge corner. With the increase of test time, the temperature distribution of self-heating reaction tends to be stable. For the RDX explosive with size of ϕ76mm×190mm, the self-heating reaction temperature distribution at the ignition time is consistent with the self-heating reaction temperature distribution at 80000s before ignition.

Key words: ammunition, slow cook-off, ignition position, heat conduction, analytical solution

中图分类号:

TJ410.1

张坤, 智小琦, 肖游, 王帅, 罗锐恒, 张姚瑶, 黄云伟. 二维慢烤模型点火位置及其温度的理论推演[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1564-1572.

ZHANG Kun, ZHI Xiaoqi, XIAO You, WANG Shuai, LUO Ruiheng, ZHANG Yaoyao, HUANG Yunwei. Theoretical Deduction of Ignition Position and Temperature of Two-dimensional Slow Cook-off Model[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1564-1572.

图/表 15

图1 试验弹体及温度测点位置示意图

Fig.1 Tested ammunition and location of temperature measuring points

图2 慢速烤燃试验装置

Fig.2 Slow cook-off test setup

表1 点火时刻热电偶的测量结果

Table 1 Measured results of thermocouple at ignition

热电偶测点	外壁	1号测点	2号测点	3号测点
温度/K	461.1	458.9	458.5	459.1

图3 温度变化曲线

Fig.3 Temperature-time curve

图4 试验结果图

Fig.4 Test results

表2 RDX炸药物性参数和动力学参数

Table 2 Properties and kinetic parameters of RDX explosive

材料	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	比热容/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	活化能/ (J·mol^-1)	指前因子/ s^-1	反应热/ (J·kg^-1)
RDX	1610	1130	0.25	202730	5.8×10¹⁸	21010

图5 理论解与测量值的温度变化曲线

Fig.5 Temperature variation curves of theoretical solution and measured value

图6 温度分布对比

Fig.6 Comparison of temperature distributions

图7 炸药尺寸为L=0.096m、M=0.0287m的温度分布

Fig.7 Temperature distribution for L=0.096m、M=0.0287m

图8 炸药尺寸为L=0.19m、M=0.0574m的温度分布

Fig.8 Temperature distribution with explosive size of L=0.19m、M=0.0574m

图9 炸药尺寸为L=0.38m、M=0.1148m的温度分布

Fig.9 Temperature distribution with explosive size of L=0.38m、M=0.1148m

图10 炸药尺寸为L=0.76m、M=0.2296m的温度分布

Fig.10 Temperature distribution for L=0.76m、M=0.2296m

图11 相对距离图

Fig.11 Relative distance

图12 在85000s时的温度分布(L=0.096m, M=0.0287m)

Fig.12 Temperature distribution at 85000s (L=0.096m, M=0.0287m)

图13 在125000s时的温度分布(L=0.096m, M=0.0287m)

Fig.13 Temperature distribution at 125000s (L=0.096m, M=0.0287m)

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