冲击载荷作用下含损伤的低温混凝土本构模型研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在严寒或寒冷地区服役环境下,混凝土力学性能与常温状态下有很大的差异。为了研究低温服役环境下混凝土的动态力学性能,开展混凝土的冲击加载试验;考虑温度和应变率的影响,基于热激活能的损伤理论,引入温度效应,对低温混凝土冲击损伤规律进行分析;通过混合律原理、二相材料的圆球模型和应变率效应的结合,将低温混凝土各组分模量联系起来,得到混凝土的等效模量;在Drucker-Prager屈服准则中引入损伤,建立由温度和应变率为参数的损伤演化函数,进而提出低温服役混凝土的动态本构模型。研究结果表明:随着服役温度的降低,混凝土碎块尺寸明显增大,破坏程度降低,这一现象表明冰对孔隙裂缝有一定的粘结作用,随着温度的降低,这种粘结效果会加强,从而抑制冲击加载过程中损伤的发展;随着服役温度的降低,孔隙中冰的含量及模量增加,混凝土强度显著增加。

关键词: 混凝土, 低温服役, 损伤, 含水率, 本构模型

Abstract:

The mechanical properties of concrete in a cold environment are different from those in normal temperature state. The impact loading test of concrete is made to study the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under low temperature environment. In consideration of the influence of temperature and strain rate, the impact damage law of low-temperature concrete is analyzed by introducing the temperature effect based on damage theory of thermal activation energy. The moduli of all components of low-temperature concrete are associated with each other to obtain the equivalent modulus of concrete by using the principle of mixing law, the spherical model of two-phase material and the strain rate effect. Damage evolution function is introduced into Drucker-Prager yield criterion, which is established with temperature and strain rate as parameters, and a dynamic constitutive model of low temperature service concrete is proposed. The results show that the size of concrete fragments increases significantly and the damage situation decreases with the decrease in service temperature, which shows that the free water condenses into ice in concrete pore cracks at low temperature, and ice has a certain bonding effect on pore cracks. With the decrease in temperature, this bonding effect is strengthened, thus inhibiting the development of damage during impact loading. With the decrease in service temperature, the content and modulus of ice in pores increase, and the strength of concrete is significantly enhanced.

Key words: concrete, low temperature service, damage, moisture content, constitutive model

中图分类号:

O347

宁建国, 李玉辉, 杨帅, 许香照. 冲击载荷作用下含损伤的低温混凝土本构模型研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4339-4349.

NING Jianguo, LI Yuhui, YANG Shuai, XU Xiangzhao. Research on Constitutive Model of Low-temperature Concrete Subjected to Impact Load[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4339-4349.

图/表 17

图1 200s-1冲击后不同温度碎块尺寸分布及局部放大图

Fig.1 Size distribution and local magnification of fragments at different temperatures after impact of 200s-1

图2 冲击状态下微裂纹扩展示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of microcrack growth under impact state

表1 温度相关的损伤修正因子

Table 1 Temperature-dependent damage correction factors

温度/℃	20	-10	-20	-30
K_T	1.67×10^-5	1.50×10^-5	1.45×10^-5	1.39×10^-5

表2 分段损伤参数

Table 2 Segmented damage parameters

参数	应变率/s^-1
参数	100	200	300
b	2.92	2.81	2.49
c₁	0.85	0.70	0.68
c₂	0.62	0.54	0.60

表3 低温环境下冰的模量

Table 3 Modulus of ice at low temperatures

模量	温度/℃
模量	20	-10	-20	-30
K_i/GPa		5.793	6.423	7.083
G_i/GPa		2.655	2.955	3.255

表4 混凝土模量相关参数

Table 4 Related parameters of concrete modulus

参数	数值	参数	数值
φ_s	0.84	ω	0.04
φ_w0	0.04	θ	-0.203
K_s/GPa	26.071	ρ_i/(g·cm^-3)	0.917
G_s/GPa	11.820	ρ_w/(g·cm^-3)	1.000
K_w/GPa	2.250	λ₁	-0.083
G_w/GPa	0.000	λ₂	0.027

表5 不同温度、应变率下混凝土的等效模量 E ¯ d

Table 5 Equivalent modulus E ¯ d of concrete at different temperatures and strain ratesGPa

$ε ·$ /s^-1	温度/℃
$ε ·$ /s^-1	20	-10	-20	-30
100	28.669	24.356	24.112	24.897
200	32.167	28.507	28.245	28.750
300	39.887	34.122	33.965	34.857

表5 不同温度、应变率下混凝土的等效模量 E ¯ d

Table 5 Equivalent modulus E ¯ d of concrete at different temperatures and strain ratesGPa

$ε ·$ /s^-1	温度/℃
$ε ·$ /s^-1	20	-10	-20	-30
100	28.669	24.356	24.112	24.897
200	32.167	28.507	28.245	28.750
300	39.887	34.122	33.965	34.857

表6 不同温度混凝土的初始损伤

Table 6 Initial damage of concrete at different temperatures

温度/℃	20	-10	-20	-30
D₀	0.2480	0.2455	0.2455	0.2458

图3 混凝土试样(部分)

Fig.3 Concrete sample (part)

图4 SHPB装置

Fig.4 SHPB device

图5 电压-时间历史曲线和应力平衡核查

Fig.5 Voltage-timecurves and stress balance check

表7 不同养护温度、应变率下混凝土基本参数

Table 7 Basic parameters of concrete under different curing temperatures and strain rates

试验工况	σ_s0/MPa	ε_m	σ_m/MPa
T20S100	20.134	0.0079	28.037
T20S200	32.017	0.0049	35.453
T20S300	37.542	0.0046	42.464
T-10S100	24.016	0.0048	30.531
T-10S200	32.451	0.0027	37.417
T-10S300	39.462	0.0030	44.368
T-20S100	27.958	0.0042	34.442
T-20S200	39.534	0.0031	45.170
T-20S300	48.696	0.0037	53.587
T-30S100	32.469	0.0048	38.621
T-30S200	38.738	0.0029	45.136
T-30S300	52.541	0.0022	59.729

表8 本构模型塑性参数

Table 8 Plasticity parameters of constitutive model

应变率/s^-1	n_p	ξ	h	n_q
100	1.7	2.044×10^-4	2.96×10²	1.6
200	1.5	1.870×10^-4	2.95×10²	1.6
300	1.4	1.421×10^-4	2.85×10²	1.6

图6 20℃条件下不同应变率应力-应变

Fig.6 Stress-strain curves at different strain rates at 20℃

图7 -10℃条件下不同应变率应力-应变

Fig.7 Stress-strain curves at different strain rates at -10℃

图8 -20℃条件下不同应变率应力-应变

Fig.8 Stress-strain curves at different strain rates at -20℃

图9 -30℃条件下不同应变率应力-应变

Fig.9 Stress-strain curves at different strain rates at -30℃

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